Activated Lignin for Biodiesel Formation

Current biodiesel production is costly, in part due to the catalysts added during transesterification and later washed out. We have previously shown that intact rapeseed shells can be ball-milled with an alcohol to produce biodiesel without an added catalyst. Here, we report on the activation and id...

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Main Authors: Amanda Tanner, Melanie Beazley, Michael Hampton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3355
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author Amanda Tanner
Melanie Beazley
Michael Hampton
author_facet Amanda Tanner
Melanie Beazley
Michael Hampton
author_sort Amanda Tanner
collection DOAJ
description Current biodiesel production is costly, in part due to the catalysts added during transesterification and later washed out. We have previously shown that intact rapeseed shells can be ball-milled with an alcohol to produce biodiesel without an added catalyst. Here, we report on the activation and identity of the complexing agent within the shells of rapeseeds and sunflower seeds. Lignin, present in the cell walls of plant matter, complexes with iron and manganese within metallic media, such as in a ball mill, and acts as a catalyst support in a transesterification reaction with oil and methanol. When ball-milled with methanol, rapeseed and sunflower seeds produce up to 90% biodiesel, similar to yields produced by industrial methods. However, this new method for producing biodiesel is a greener alternative, as it requires fewer organic solvents, may reduce the time and energy required for synthesis, and may reduce the effort required for product purification.
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spelling doaj-art-001ee308f4e0496c96562294164eda7d2025-08-20T03:16:42ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813335510.3390/en18133355Activated Lignin for Biodiesel FormationAmanda Tanner0Melanie Beazley1Michael Hampton2Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USACurrent biodiesel production is costly, in part due to the catalysts added during transesterification and later washed out. We have previously shown that intact rapeseed shells can be ball-milled with an alcohol to produce biodiesel without an added catalyst. Here, we report on the activation and identity of the complexing agent within the shells of rapeseeds and sunflower seeds. Lignin, present in the cell walls of plant matter, complexes with iron and manganese within metallic media, such as in a ball mill, and acts as a catalyst support in a transesterification reaction with oil and methanol. When ball-milled with methanol, rapeseed and sunflower seeds produce up to 90% biodiesel, similar to yields produced by industrial methods. However, this new method for producing biodiesel is a greener alternative, as it requires fewer organic solvents, may reduce the time and energy required for synthesis, and may reduce the effort required for product purification.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3355biofuelbiodieselmechanochemistrylignintransesterification
spellingShingle Amanda Tanner
Melanie Beazley
Michael Hampton
Activated Lignin for Biodiesel Formation
Energies
biofuel
biodiesel
mechanochemistry
lignin
transesterification
title Activated Lignin for Biodiesel Formation
title_full Activated Lignin for Biodiesel Formation
title_fullStr Activated Lignin for Biodiesel Formation
title_full_unstemmed Activated Lignin for Biodiesel Formation
title_short Activated Lignin for Biodiesel Formation
title_sort activated lignin for biodiesel formation
topic biofuel
biodiesel
mechanochemistry
lignin
transesterification
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3355
work_keys_str_mv AT amandatanner activatedligninforbiodieselformation
AT melaniebeazley activatedligninforbiodieselformation
AT michaelhampton activatedligninforbiodieselformation