An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
We conduct a cryptanalysis of the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) handover authentication protocol newly developed by Son et al., which incorporates blockchain technology for authentication purposes. Although this approach is notably efficient, our analysis reveals that the protocol is vulnerable to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1118 |
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| author | Shengbao Wang Yixiao Wu Kang Wen Xin Zhou Bin Hu Qi Xie |
| author_facet | Shengbao Wang Yixiao Wu Kang Wen Xin Zhou Bin Hu Qi Xie |
| author_sort | Shengbao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We conduct a cryptanalysis of the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) handover authentication protocol newly developed by Son et al., which incorporates blockchain technology for authentication purposes. Although this approach is notably efficient, our analysis reveals that the protocol is vulnerable to vehicle impersonation attacks, traceability attacks, and trusted authority (TA) circumvention attacks. To address these security vulnerabilities, we propose an enhanced protocol integrating Schnorr signature-based authentication, dynamically refreshed temporary identities, and TA-anchored credential mechanisms. We validate its security through heuristic analysis and formal verification using ProVerif. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison with various related schemes confirms that the new protocol achieves a higher level of security while simultaneously maintaining satisfactory efficiency in both the computational and communication aspects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0019f1431150406d823559d7be835bfa |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj-art-0019f1431150406d823559d7be835bfa2025-08-20T03:06:20ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-03-01137111810.3390/math13071118An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc NetworksShengbao Wang0Yixiao Wu1Kang Wen2Xin Zhou3Bin Hu4Qi Xie5School of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaSchool of Mathematics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaWe conduct a cryptanalysis of the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) handover authentication protocol newly developed by Son et al., which incorporates blockchain technology for authentication purposes. Although this approach is notably efficient, our analysis reveals that the protocol is vulnerable to vehicle impersonation attacks, traceability attacks, and trusted authority (TA) circumvention attacks. To address these security vulnerabilities, we propose an enhanced protocol integrating Schnorr signature-based authentication, dynamically refreshed temporary identities, and TA-anchored credential mechanisms. We validate its security through heuristic analysis and formal verification using ProVerif. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison with various related schemes confirms that the new protocol achieves a higher level of security while simultaneously maintaining satisfactory efficiency in both the computational and communication aspects.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1118vehicular ad hoc networksSchnorr signaturesforward secrecylow-latency authenticationProVerif |
| spellingShingle | Shengbao Wang Yixiao Wu Kang Wen Xin Zhou Bin Hu Qi Xie An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Mathematics vehicular ad hoc networks Schnorr signatures forward secrecy low-latency authentication ProVerif |
| title | An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks |
| title_full | An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks |
| title_fullStr | An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks |
| title_short | An Improved Blockchain-Based Lightweight Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Handover Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks |
| title_sort | improved blockchain based lightweight vehicle to infrastructure handover authentication protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks |
| topic | vehicular ad hoc networks Schnorr signatures forward secrecy low-latency authentication ProVerif |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1118 |
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