Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy Approach
Over the years, the abuse of antibiotics has increased, leading to their presence in the environment. Therefore, a sustainable method for detecting these substances is crucial. Researchers have explored biomass-based carbon dots (CDs) to detect various contaminants, due to their low cost, environmen...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
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| author | Saheed O. Sanni Ajibola A. Bayode Hendrik G. Brink Nils H. Haneklaus Lin Fu Jianping Shang Hua-Jun Shawn Fan |
| author_facet | Saheed O. Sanni Ajibola A. Bayode Hendrik G. Brink Nils H. Haneklaus Lin Fu Jianping Shang Hua-Jun Shawn Fan |
| author_sort | Saheed O. Sanni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the years, the abuse of antibiotics has increased, leading to their presence in the environment. Therefore, a sustainable method for detecting these substances is crucial. Researchers have explored biomass-based carbon dots (CDs) to detect various contaminants, due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and support of a circular economy. In our study, we reported the synthesis of CDs using pinecones (PCs) and pinebark (PB) through a sustainable microwave method. We characterized the PCCDs and PBCDs using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Fourier transform infrared, Ultraviolet-visible, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PCCDs and PBCDs were tested for the detection of amoxicillin (AMX) and tetracycline (TC). The results indicated that the sizes of the PCCDs and PBCDs were 19.2 nm and 18.39 nm, respectively, and confirmed the presence of the 002 plane of the graphitic carbon structure. They exhibited excitation wavelength dependence, good stability, and quantum yields ranging from 6% to 11%. PCCDs and PBCDs demonstrated “turn-off” detection for TC and AMX. The limits of detection (LOD) for TC across a broader concentration range were found to be 0.062 µM for PCCDs and 0.2237 µM for PBCDs. For AMX detection, PBCDs presented an LOD of 0.49 µM. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-00178fc8873b4c48b86e4f5125a2ff352025-08-20T02:28:31ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132025-03-011524310.3390/jox15020043Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy ApproachSaheed O. Sanni0Ajibola A. Bayode1Hendrik G. Brink2Nils H. Haneklaus3Lin Fu4Jianping Shang5Hua-Jun Shawn Fan6College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, ChinaCollege of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaTd-Lab Sustainable Mineral Resources, Universität für Weiterbildung Krems, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, AustriaCollege of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, ChinaCollege of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, ChinaCollege of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, ChinaOver the years, the abuse of antibiotics has increased, leading to their presence in the environment. Therefore, a sustainable method for detecting these substances is crucial. Researchers have explored biomass-based carbon dots (CDs) to detect various contaminants, due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and support of a circular economy. In our study, we reported the synthesis of CDs using pinecones (PCs) and pinebark (PB) through a sustainable microwave method. We characterized the PCCDs and PBCDs using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Fourier transform infrared, Ultraviolet-visible, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PCCDs and PBCDs were tested for the detection of amoxicillin (AMX) and tetracycline (TC). The results indicated that the sizes of the PCCDs and PBCDs were 19.2 nm and 18.39 nm, respectively, and confirmed the presence of the 002 plane of the graphitic carbon structure. They exhibited excitation wavelength dependence, good stability, and quantum yields ranging from 6% to 11%. PCCDs and PBCDs demonstrated “turn-off” detection for TC and AMX. The limits of detection (LOD) for TC across a broader concentration range were found to be 0.062 µM for PCCDs and 0.2237 µM for PBCDs. For AMX detection, PBCDs presented an LOD of 0.49 µM.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/2/43carbon dotspine conepine barkamoxicillintetracyclinefluorescent quenching |
| spellingShingle | Saheed O. Sanni Ajibola A. Bayode Hendrik G. Brink Nils H. Haneklaus Lin Fu Jianping Shang Hua-Jun Shawn Fan Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy Approach Journal of Xenobiotics carbon dots pine cone pine bark amoxicillin tetracycline fluorescent quenching |
| title | Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy Approach |
| title_full | Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy Approach |
| title_fullStr | Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy Approach |
| title_short | Green Carbon Dots from Pinecones and Pine Bark for Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Detection: A Circular Economy Approach |
| title_sort | green carbon dots from pinecones and pine bark for amoxicillin and tetracycline detection a circular economy approach |
| topic | carbon dots pine cone pine bark amoxicillin tetracycline fluorescent quenching |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/2/43 |
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