Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol

Abstract RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become key to complementing exome and genome sequencing for variant interpretation. We present a minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol using short-term cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without cycloheximide treatment, enabling detection...

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Main Authors: Laurenz De Cock, Erika D’haenens, Lies Vantomme, Lynn Backers, Aude Beyens, Kathleen BM Claes, Griet De Clercq, Robin de Putter, Candy Kumps, Nika Schuermans, Jo Sourbron, Hannes Syryn, Simon Tavernier, Eva Vanbelleghem, Olivier Vanakker, Bart Vandekerckhove, Tim Van Damme, Bert Callewaert, Annelies Dheedene, Sarah Vergult, Björn Menten
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Genomic Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-025-00502-7
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author Laurenz De Cock
Erika D’haenens
Lies Vantomme
Lynn Backers
Aude Beyens
Kathleen BM Claes
Griet De Clercq
Robin de Putter
Candy Kumps
Nika Schuermans
Jo Sourbron
Hannes Syryn
Simon Tavernier
Eva Vanbelleghem
Olivier Vanakker
Bart Vandekerckhove
Tim Van Damme
Bert Callewaert
Annelies Dheedene
Sarah Vergult
Björn Menten
author_facet Laurenz De Cock
Erika D’haenens
Lies Vantomme
Lynn Backers
Aude Beyens
Kathleen BM Claes
Griet De Clercq
Robin de Putter
Candy Kumps
Nika Schuermans
Jo Sourbron
Hannes Syryn
Simon Tavernier
Eva Vanbelleghem
Olivier Vanakker
Bart Vandekerckhove
Tim Van Damme
Bert Callewaert
Annelies Dheedene
Sarah Vergult
Björn Menten
author_sort Laurenz De Cock
collection DOAJ
description Abstract RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become key to complementing exome and genome sequencing for variant interpretation. We present a minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol using short-term cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without cycloheximide treatment, enabling detection of transcripts subject to nonsense-mediated decay. While broadly applicable, this protocol is particularly suited for neurodevelopmental disorders, as up to 80% of the genes in our intellectual disability and epilepsy gene panel are expressed in PBMCs. Applied to 46 affected individuals and 15 parents, RNA-seq revealed splicing defects in six of nine individuals with splice variants, allowing reclassification of seven variants. Targeted cDNA analysis confirmed aberrant splicing in four individuals but missed intron retention in two. Global analyses (FRASER, OUTRIDER, and monoallelic expression) supported findings but did not yield new diagnoses. We propose a flowchart integrating RNA-seq into diagnostic workflows. Overall, our protocol is easily implementable, captures complex splicing events, and enhances variant classification.
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spelling doaj-art-00045d7b5b794628ab729ea6edb342be2025-08-20T03:16:55ZengNature Portfolionpj Genomic Medicine2056-79442025-05-0110111410.1038/s41525-025-00502-7Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocolLaurenz De Cock0Erika D’haenens1Lies Vantomme2Lynn Backers3Aude Beyens4Kathleen BM Claes5Griet De Clercq6Robin de Putter7Candy Kumps8Nika Schuermans9Jo Sourbron10Hannes Syryn11Simon Tavernier12Eva Vanbelleghem13Olivier Vanakker14Bart Vandekerckhove15Tim Van Damme16Bert Callewaert17Annelies Dheedene18Sarah Vergult19Björn Menten20Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityCenter for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University HospitalDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityCenter for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University HospitalCenter for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University HospitalCenter for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University HospitalCenter for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University HospitalDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityCenter for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University HospitalDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityCancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG)Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University HospitalDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent UniversityAbstract RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become key to complementing exome and genome sequencing for variant interpretation. We present a minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol using short-term cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without cycloheximide treatment, enabling detection of transcripts subject to nonsense-mediated decay. While broadly applicable, this protocol is particularly suited for neurodevelopmental disorders, as up to 80% of the genes in our intellectual disability and epilepsy gene panel are expressed in PBMCs. Applied to 46 affected individuals and 15 parents, RNA-seq revealed splicing defects in six of nine individuals with splice variants, allowing reclassification of seven variants. Targeted cDNA analysis confirmed aberrant splicing in four individuals but missed intron retention in two. Global analyses (FRASER, OUTRIDER, and monoallelic expression) supported findings but did not yield new diagnoses. We propose a flowchart integrating RNA-seq into diagnostic workflows. Overall, our protocol is easily implementable, captures complex splicing events, and enhances variant classification.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-025-00502-7
spellingShingle Laurenz De Cock
Erika D’haenens
Lies Vantomme
Lynn Backers
Aude Beyens
Kathleen BM Claes
Griet De Clercq
Robin de Putter
Candy Kumps
Nika Schuermans
Jo Sourbron
Hannes Syryn
Simon Tavernier
Eva Vanbelleghem
Olivier Vanakker
Bart Vandekerckhove
Tim Van Damme
Bert Callewaert
Annelies Dheedene
Sarah Vergult
Björn Menten
Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol
npj Genomic Medicine
title Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol
title_full Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol
title_fullStr Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol
title_full_unstemmed Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol
title_short Cracking rare disorders: a new minimally invasive RNA-seq protocol
title_sort cracking rare disorders a new minimally invasive rna seq protocol
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-025-00502-7
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