James R. Murphy

James Russell "Jimmy" Murphy was an American attorney, soldier, and intelligence officer who served as the chief of the X-2 Counterintelligence Branch of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II. From 1943 to 1946, held the position of chief of counterintelligence at both the OSS, and later at the Strategic Services Unit (SSU). Though primarily stationed in Washington, D.C., during the war, he made frequent trips to the European and African Theatres, including London and Morocco. Murphy played a critical role in wartime counterintelligence efforts, reportedly helping to identify approximately 3,000 foreign agents, many of whom were turned into double agents used to transmit misleading information to Axis powers. He also contributed to the development of effective, non-coercive interrogation methods that aided military intelligence gathering. He would also regularly visit his X-2 agents on the front line in order to offer moral support and provide courage.

William Donovan wrote:

"A firm agreement with the British was made in March and April 1943, and carried out on a basis of loyal cooperation and full interchange of pertinent information throughout the war. Mr. Murphy was not, however, content to remain in tutelage of the old established foreign agencies. His constant aim was to develop American counter-espionage to the point of being an equal partner with its allies."

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