Machine Learning Recognizes Stages of Parkinson’s Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Artur Chudzik

“…Models used volumes, Euclidean, and Cosine distances of subcortical brain structures relative to the thalamus to differentiate among control (HC), prodromal (PR), and PD groups. …”
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Cortical Visual Performance Test Setup for Parkinson’s Disease Based on Motion Blur Orientation by M. Erdem Isenkul

“…This image representation is then compared with a filtering model which is very similar to thalamus’ functionality. Thus, the linear problem-solving performance of the L4 cortex model is also addressed in the study. …”
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First-trimester 3D fetal neurosonography: five standardised views by Fred Ushakov, Adalina Sacco, Pranav Pandya

“…Third ventricle; 3. Thalamus and mesencephalon; 4. Cerebellum; 5. Fourth ventricle. …”
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Forebrain Ischemia-Reperfusion Simulating Cardiac Arrest in Mice Induces Edema and DNA Fragmentation in the Brain by Christina H. Liu, Shuning Huang, Young R. Kim, Bruce R. Rosen, Philip K. Liu

“…Hyperintensity in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was detectable in the striatum, thalamus, and cortex but not in the hippocampus. To determine whether damage to the hippocampus can be detected in live animals, we infused a T 2 susceptibility magnetic resonance contrast agent (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [SPIONs]) that was linked to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complementary in sequence to c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid (SPION-cfos); we acquired in vivo T 2 * -weighted MRI 3 days later. …”
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Changes in brain functional connectivity between on and off states and their relationship with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease by Kaoru Kinugawa, Tomoo Mano, Kazuma Sugie

“…MMSE attention scores were positively correlated with FC between the bilateral thalamus and frontal lobes and negatively correlated with FC between the left cerebral hemispheres. …”
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A Case of Congenital Brainstem Oligodendroglioma: Pathology Findings and Review of the Literature by Stefan Kostadinov, Suzanne de la Monte

“…Histological sections demonstrated an anaplastic oligodendroglioma infiltrating the pons, 4th ventricle, midbrain, medulla, cerebellar white matter, posterior thalamus, and occipital white matter. The pathological features of the lesion distinguish it from previous reports in which spontaneous regression of pontine gliomas occurred and argue in favor of establishing a tissue diagnosis to plan for aggressive versus conservative management.…”
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Differential neural activity predicts the long-term stability of the effects of positive and negative expectations on pain by Maren-Isabel Wolf, Christoph Arne Wittkamp, Michael Rose

“…In contrast, persistence of negative expectation effects was predicted by enhanced thalamus activity. Our findings indicate relatively stable placebo and nocebo effects over longer time courses, but this persistence is based on different neural areas for positive and negative expectations.…”
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Characterizing Cerebral Imaging and Electroclinical Features of Five Pseudohypoparathyroidism Cases Presenting with Epileptic Seizures by Zijuan Qi, Zhensheng Li, Quwen Gao, Li Dong, Jian Lin, Kairun Peng, Wei Xiang, Bingmei Deng

“…Cerebral CT scans showed extensive brain calcifications in the bilateral basal ganglia (all five cases), cerebellum (cases 1, 3, and 5), thalamus (case 4), and cerebral cortex. Cerebral MRI showed short T1 signals mainly in the basal ganglia. …”
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Higher skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity is associated with preserved brain structure up to over a decade by Qu Tian, Erin E. Greig, Christos Davatzikos, Bennett A. Landman, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci

“…Higher in vivo skeletal muscle oxidative capacity via MR spectroscopy (post-exercise recovery rate, kPCr) is associated with less ventricular enlargement and brain aging progression, and less atrophy in specific regions, notably primary sensorimotor cortex, temporal white and gray matter, thalamus, occipital areas, cingulate cortex, and cerebellum white matter. …”
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The brain’s first “traffic map” through Unified Structural and Functional Connectivity (USFC) modeling by Arzu C. Has Silemek, Haitao Chen, Pascal Sati, Wei Gao

“…The resulting USFC map highlights regions in the subcortical, default-mode, and salience networks as the most heavily traversed nodes and a midline frontal-caudate-thalamus-posterior cingulate-visual cortex corridor as the backbone of the whole brain connectivity system. …”
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Sports Augmented Cognitive Benefits: An fMRI Study of Executive Function with Go/NoGo Task by Qingguo Ding, Lina Huang, Jie Chen, Farzaneh Dehghani, Juan Du, Yingli Li, Qin Li, Hongqiang Zhang, Zhen Qian, Wenbin Shen, Xiaowei Yin, Pei Liang

“…The results showed that at the attentive visual period, the frontal and parietal areas, including the prefrontal cortex, putamen, thalamus, lingual, fusiform, and caudate, were significantly enhanced in positive activities than the control group. …”
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Statistical Evaluations of the Reproducibility and Reliability of 3-Tesla High Resolution Magnetization Transfer Brain Images: A Pilot Study on Healthy Subjects by Kelly H. Zou, Hongyan Du, Shawn Sidharthan, Lisa M. DeTora, Yunmei Chen, Ann B. Ragin, Robert R. Edelman, Ying Wu

“…Repeated measures were taken for 12 brain regions of interest (ROIs): genu, splenium, and the left and right hemispheres of the hippocampus, caudate, putamen, thalamus, and cerebral white matter. Spearman's correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed. …”
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Therapeutic Metaphors Enhance Memory Systems in Mental Health Contexts by Fei Yu, Zhijie Zhang, Wencai Zhang

“…Greater activations were observed in the multiple memory systems, including episodic (parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus), emotional (amygdala), and procedural/implicit (caudate, putamen, and cerebellum), in contrast to later remembered versus later forgotten based on the gap between metaphorical and literal solutions. …”
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Dynamic changes in human brain connectivity following ultrasound neuromodulation by Cyril Atkinson-Clement, Mohammad Alkhawashki, Marilyn Gatica, James Ross, Marcus Kaiser

“…Eleven received FUS in the right inferior frontal cortex while the other 11 were stimulated in the right thalamus. Using a temporal dynamic approach, we compared resting-state fMRI seed-based functional connectivity obtained before and after FUS. …”
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Mapping of c-Fos Expression in Rat Brain Sub/Regions Following Chronic Social Isolation: Effective Treatments of Olanzapine, Clozapine or Fluoxetine by Andrijana Stanisavljević Ilić, Dragana Filipović

“…The overlapping rat brain sub/regions with increased expression of c-Fos immunoreactivity following three or six weeks of CSIS were the retrosplenial granular cortex, c subregion, retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, dorsal dentate gyrus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (posterior part, PVP), lateral/basolateral (LA/BL) complex of the amygdala, caudate putamen, and nucleus accumbens shell. …”
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Modulation of CREB in the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Dark-Reared Mice by Thomas E. Krahe, Tania A. Seabrook, Ching-Kang J. Chen, Michael A. Fox, William Guido

“…Recent findings indicate that the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of thalamus is also sensitive to altered sensory activity. …”
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Acute Transverse Myelitis (Ascending Myelitis) as the Initial Manifestation of Japanese Encephalitis: A Rare Presentation by Varshney Ankur Nandan, Kumar Nilesh, Behera Dibyaranjan, Tiwari Ashutosh, Anand Ravi, Anand Arvind

“…Adjacent ventrolateral thalamus and internal capsule also showed mild abnormal intensities. …”
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Associative memory cells of encoding fear signals and anxiety are recruited by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation by Bingchen Chen, Yun Zhang, Huajuan Xiao, Lei Wang, Jiayi Li, Yang Xu, Jin-Hui Wang

“…These S1-Tr cortical neurons become to receive convergent synapse innervations newly from the auditory cortex and innately from the thalamus as well as encode the stress signals including battle sound and somatic pain, i.e., associative memory neurons. …”
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Thalamic Lesions: A Radiological Review by Dimitri Renard, Giovanni Castelnovo, Chantal Campello, Stephane Bouly, Anne Le Floch, Eric Thouvenot, Anne Waconge, Guillaume Taieb

“…Identification of the origin of the thalamic lesion depends on the exact localisation inside the thalamus, the presence of extrathalamic lesions, the signal changes on different MRI sequences, the evolution of the radiological abnormalities over time, the history and clinical state of the patient, and other radiological and nonradiological examinations.…”
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Correlation between Traits of Emotion-Based Impulsivity and Intrinsic Default-Mode Network Activity by Jizheng Zhao, Dardo Tomasi, Corinde E. Wiers, Ehsan Shokri-Kojori, Şükrü B. Demiral, Yi Zhang, Nora D. Volkow, Gene-Jack Wang

“…In addition, trait urgency measures showed significant correlations with the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus seed with the thalamus and midbrain region. These findings suggest an association between intrinsic brain activity and impulsive behaviors in healthy humans.…”
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