Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking process

Abstract In the process of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking, the high-velocity jet impacts the molten metal pool, resulting in the generation of splashing metal droplets with varying particle sizes. The expansion decarburization of metal droplets in the emulsion phase is one of the main steel-slag r...

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Main Authors: Zi-cheng Xin, Wen-hui Lin, Jiang-shan Zhang, Kai-xiang Peng, Qing Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01424-1
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author Zi-cheng Xin
Wen-hui Lin
Jiang-shan Zhang
Kai-xiang Peng
Qing Liu
author_facet Zi-cheng Xin
Wen-hui Lin
Jiang-shan Zhang
Kai-xiang Peng
Qing Liu
author_sort Zi-cheng Xin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In the process of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking, the high-velocity jet impacts the molten metal pool, resulting in the generation of splashing metal droplets with varying particle sizes. The expansion decarburization of metal droplets in the emulsion phase is one of the main steel-slag reaction behaviors. In this paper, firstly, a theoretical decarburization model of expansion droplet was established, finding biases in their calculation results. Then, the solid phase ratio in different FeO content of slag was analyzed, demonstrating its significant impact on the reactivity performance of slag. Finally, an improved decarburization comprehensive model for expanded droplets, based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting, was developed and validated using experimental data. The results indicate that the improved droplet decarburisation comprehensive model shows a good agreement with the experimental data in predicting changes in carbon content, with Pearson correlation coefficient exceeding 0.94 for different FeO contents. ‌For FeO contents of 3%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, the model achieves MAE (0.035%, 0.024%, 0.056%, 0.059%) and RMSE (0.0034%, 0.0019%, 0.011%, 0.018%), respectively. This model can accurately calculate the change of carbon content of metal droplets under various complex multiphase slag conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-fa7d5b3d07114f52ae9b14f33be5f2622025-08-20T02:15:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-011511910.1038/s41598-025-01424-1Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking processZi-cheng Xin0Wen-hui Lin1Jiang-shan Zhang2Kai-xiang Peng3Qing Liu4State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology BeijingJiangsu Jinheng Information Technology Co., LtdState Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology BeijingSchool of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology BeijingState Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology BeijingAbstract In the process of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking, the high-velocity jet impacts the molten metal pool, resulting in the generation of splashing metal droplets with varying particle sizes. The expansion decarburization of metal droplets in the emulsion phase is one of the main steel-slag reaction behaviors. In this paper, firstly, a theoretical decarburization model of expansion droplet was established, finding biases in their calculation results. Then, the solid phase ratio in different FeO content of slag was analyzed, demonstrating its significant impact on the reactivity performance of slag. Finally, an improved decarburization comprehensive model for expanded droplets, based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting, was developed and validated using experimental data. The results indicate that the improved droplet decarburisation comprehensive model shows a good agreement with the experimental data in predicting changes in carbon content, with Pearson correlation coefficient exceeding 0.94 for different FeO contents. ‌For FeO contents of 3%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, the model achieves MAE (0.035%, 0.024%, 0.056%, 0.059%) and RMSE (0.0034%, 0.0019%, 0.011%, 0.018%), respectively. This model can accurately calculate the change of carbon content of metal droplets under various complex multiphase slag conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01424-1BOF steelmakingMetal dropletsSolid phase ratioDecarburization comprehensive model
spellingShingle Zi-cheng Xin
Wen-hui Lin
Jiang-shan Zhang
Kai-xiang Peng
Qing Liu
Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking process
Scientific Reports
BOF steelmaking
Metal droplets
Solid phase ratio
Decarburization comprehensive model
title Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking process
title_full Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking process
title_fullStr Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking process
title_full_unstemmed Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking process
title_short Modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during BOF steelmaking process
title_sort modeling the decarburization of expansion droplets based on the solid phase ratio of slag and data fitting during bof steelmaking process
topic BOF steelmaking
Metal droplets
Solid phase ratio
Decarburization comprehensive model
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01424-1
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AT jiangshanzhang modelingthedecarburizationofexpansiondropletsbasedonthesolidphaseratioofslaganddatafittingduringbofsteelmakingprocess
AT kaixiangpeng modelingthedecarburizationofexpansiondropletsbasedonthesolidphaseratioofslaganddatafittingduringbofsteelmakingprocess
AT qingliu modelingthedecarburizationofexpansiondropletsbasedonthesolidphaseratioofslaganddatafittingduringbofsteelmakingprocess