Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple Wavelengths
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense pulses of high-energy emission associated with the death of massive stars or compact objects’ coalescence. Their multiwavelength observations help verify the reliability of the standard fireball model. We analyze 14 GRBs observed contemporaneously in gamma rays by...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad93b5 |
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| author | M. G. Dainotti S. Bhardwaj E. Bissaldi N. Fraija S. Sourav A. Galvan-Gamez |
| author_facet | M. G. Dainotti S. Bhardwaj E. Bissaldi N. Fraija S. Sourav A. Galvan-Gamez |
| author_sort | M. G. Dainotti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense pulses of high-energy emission associated with the death of massive stars or compact objects’ coalescence. Their multiwavelength observations help verify the reliability of the standard fireball model. We analyze 14 GRBs observed contemporaneously in gamma rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope, in X-rays by the Swift Telescope, and in the optical bands by Swift and many ground-based telescopes. We study the correlation between the spectral and temporal indices using closure relations according to the synchrotron forward-shock model in a stratified medium ( n ∝ r ^− ^k ) with k ranging from 0 to 2.5. We find that the model without energy injection is preferred over the one with energy injection in all the investigated wavelengths. In gamma rays, we only explored the ν > max{ ν _c , ν _m } (slow cooling, SC/fast cooling, FC) cooling condition (where ν _c and ν _m are the cooling and characteristic frequencies, namely the frequencies at the spectral break). In the X-ray and optical bands, we explored all the cooling conditions, including ν _m < ν < ν _c (SC), ν _c < ν < ν _m (FC), and SC/FC, and found a clear preference for SC for X-rays and SC/FC for optical. Within these cooling conditions, X-rays exhibit the highest rate of occurrence for the density profile with k = 0, while the optical band has the highest occurrence for k = 2.5 when considering no energy injection. Although we can pinpoint a definite environment for some GRBs, we find degeneracies in other GRBs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef03dbf6398d4d61be9abf78622205c3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef03dbf6398d4d61be9abf78622205c32024-12-26T06:28:36ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197815110.3847/1538-4357/ad93b5Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple WavelengthsM. G. Dainotti0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-8546S. Bhardwaj1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-0915E. Bissaldi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-8106N. Fraija3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-6453S. Sourav4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-4003A. Galvan-Gamez5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-3693National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2 Chome-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, Shonankokusaimura, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan; Space Science Institute , 4765 Walnut Street Ste B, Boulder, CO 80301, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2 Chome-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, Shonankokusaimura, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0193, JapanDipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin,” Politecnico di Bari , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare—Sezione di Bari , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior , C.U., A. Postal 70-264, 04510 México D.F., MexicoDepartment of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis , MO 63130, USAInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior , C.U., A. Postal 70-264, 04510 México D.F., MexicoGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense pulses of high-energy emission associated with the death of massive stars or compact objects’ coalescence. Their multiwavelength observations help verify the reliability of the standard fireball model. We analyze 14 GRBs observed contemporaneously in gamma rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope, in X-rays by the Swift Telescope, and in the optical bands by Swift and many ground-based telescopes. We study the correlation between the spectral and temporal indices using closure relations according to the synchrotron forward-shock model in a stratified medium ( n ∝ r ^− ^k ) with k ranging from 0 to 2.5. We find that the model without energy injection is preferred over the one with energy injection in all the investigated wavelengths. In gamma rays, we only explored the ν > max{ ν _c , ν _m } (slow cooling, SC/fast cooling, FC) cooling condition (where ν _c and ν _m are the cooling and characteristic frequencies, namely the frequencies at the spectral break). In the X-ray and optical bands, we explored all the cooling conditions, including ν _m < ν < ν _c (SC), ν _c < ν < ν _m (FC), and SC/FC, and found a clear preference for SC for X-rays and SC/FC for optical. Within these cooling conditions, X-rays exhibit the highest rate of occurrence for the density profile with k = 0, while the optical band has the highest occurrence for k = 2.5 when considering no energy injection. Although we can pinpoint a definite environment for some GRBs, we find degeneracies in other GRBs.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad93b5Gamma-ray bursts |
| spellingShingle | M. G. Dainotti S. Bhardwaj E. Bissaldi N. Fraija S. Sourav A. Galvan-Gamez Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple Wavelengths The Astrophysical Journal Gamma-ray bursts |
| title | Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple Wavelengths |
| title_full | Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple Wavelengths |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple Wavelengths |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple Wavelengths |
| title_short | Analysis of Gamma-Ray Burst Closure Relationship in Multiple Wavelengths |
| title_sort | analysis of gamma ray burst closure relationship in multiple wavelengths |
| topic | Gamma-ray bursts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad93b5 |
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