Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profile
Regulating soil drought regime is essential for global ecology and climate security. Indeed, soil drought is largely dependent on rapid climate change, complex soil types, and interaction with vegetations, leading to its spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Previous studies paid less attention on tem...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Geoderma |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706125000060 |
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| author | Yongping Tong Yunqiang Wang Jingxiong Zhou Meina He Ting Wang Yuting Xu Xiangyu Guo Mengya Sun Zimin Li Bin Shi |
| author_facet | Yongping Tong Yunqiang Wang Jingxiong Zhou Meina He Ting Wang Yuting Xu Xiangyu Guo Mengya Sun Zimin Li Bin Shi |
| author_sort | Yongping Tong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regulating soil drought regime is essential for global ecology and climate security. Indeed, soil drought is largely dependent on rapid climate change, complex soil types, and interaction with vegetations, leading to its spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Previous studies paid less attention on temporal-frequently and spatial-deeply investigations, therefore causing information omission when studying soil drought. This study deployed Fiber Bragg Grating sensors in a 0–30 m profile to monitor deep soil drought with daily resolution under a Robinia pseudoacacia forest in the Chinese Loess Plateau. We aimed at deciphering the distribution, evolution, and determinants of soil drought in an extremely deep profile surpassing the region’s deepest root range. Our experiment identified three typical drought characteristic layers within the deep loess profile: 0–0.4 m (L1), 0.4–1.8 m (L2), and 1.8–30 m (L3). Soil desiccation indices in all three layers of L1, L2, and L3 were 3.56, 0.37, and −0.92, respectively. No drought was observed in L1, while L2 exhibited the most frequent drought changes, and L3 showed a stable and severe drought. These results reveal that both distribution and evolution of deep soil drought exhibited the significant stratified characteristics. For the drought in the entire profile, roots, soil organic carbon, and bulk density acted as the primary factors influenced its spatial distribution. The temporal dynamics of drought were more significantly influenced by temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity than by precipitation. Our analytical results also indicated that synergistic impacts existed when the aforementioned factors affected soil drought distribution and evolution. Considering heterogeneous characteristics and determinants in diverse layers, we suggest a ‘Soil Characteristic Layer Identification–Stratified Governance’ strategy during ecological recovery, to strike a water demand balance between vegetation restoration and soil drought regulation. Our findings therefore offer a reference for deep soil drought evaluation and regulation in loess regions worldwide. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e173372afdc1417aa9b735c2ee629e71 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1872-6259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Geoderma |
| spelling | doaj-art-e173372afdc1417aa9b735c2ee629e712025-08-20T02:13:48ZengElsevierGeoderma1872-62592025-02-0145411716810.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117168Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profileYongping Tong0Yunqiang Wang1Jingxiong Zhou2Meina He3Ting Wang4Yuting Xu5Xiangyu Guo6Mengya Sun7Zimin Li8Bin Shi9State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; Corresponding author at: No. 97 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China.State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi’an 710061, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi’an 710061, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi’an 710061, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaRegulating soil drought regime is essential for global ecology and climate security. Indeed, soil drought is largely dependent on rapid climate change, complex soil types, and interaction with vegetations, leading to its spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Previous studies paid less attention on temporal-frequently and spatial-deeply investigations, therefore causing information omission when studying soil drought. This study deployed Fiber Bragg Grating sensors in a 0–30 m profile to monitor deep soil drought with daily resolution under a Robinia pseudoacacia forest in the Chinese Loess Plateau. We aimed at deciphering the distribution, evolution, and determinants of soil drought in an extremely deep profile surpassing the region’s deepest root range. Our experiment identified three typical drought characteristic layers within the deep loess profile: 0–0.4 m (L1), 0.4–1.8 m (L2), and 1.8–30 m (L3). Soil desiccation indices in all three layers of L1, L2, and L3 were 3.56, 0.37, and −0.92, respectively. No drought was observed in L1, while L2 exhibited the most frequent drought changes, and L3 showed a stable and severe drought. These results reveal that both distribution and evolution of deep soil drought exhibited the significant stratified characteristics. For the drought in the entire profile, roots, soil organic carbon, and bulk density acted as the primary factors influenced its spatial distribution. The temporal dynamics of drought were more significantly influenced by temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity than by precipitation. Our analytical results also indicated that synergistic impacts existed when the aforementioned factors affected soil drought distribution and evolution. Considering heterogeneous characteristics and determinants in diverse layers, we suggest a ‘Soil Characteristic Layer Identification–Stratified Governance’ strategy during ecological recovery, to strike a water demand balance between vegetation restoration and soil drought regulation. Our findings therefore offer a reference for deep soil drought evaluation and regulation in loess regions worldwide.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706125000060Deep soil droughtStratified evolution characteristicsVegetation restorationSoil drought regulationHigh-frequency Fiber Bragg Grating observation |
| spellingShingle | Yongping Tong Yunqiang Wang Jingxiong Zhou Meina He Ting Wang Yuting Xu Xiangyu Guo Mengya Sun Zimin Li Bin Shi Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profile Geoderma Deep soil drought Stratified evolution characteristics Vegetation restoration Soil drought regulation High-frequency Fiber Bragg Grating observation |
| title | Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profile |
| title_full | Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profile |
| title_fullStr | Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profile |
| title_short | Deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls: New evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0–30 m profile |
| title_sort | deciphering the stratified distribution and evolution of deep soil drought and its environmental controls new evidence from continuous fiber optic monitoring in 0 30 m profile |
| topic | Deep soil drought Stratified evolution characteristics Vegetation restoration Soil drought regulation High-frequency Fiber Bragg Grating observation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706125000060 |
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