Differential expression of cytokines and vitamin D in benign and malignant thyroid diseases
Abstract Given the critical role of cytokines in tumor microenvironment modulation1 and the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of vitamin D2,3, this study aimed to assess serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and vitamin D in patients with benign thyroid nodules, PTC, and hea...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06882-1 |
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