Unraveling the mystery of recent shortened response time of ENSO to Atlantic forcing

Abstract The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to respond to tropical Atlantic (TA) sea surface temperature (SST) forcing. However, the response time of ENSO to the TA SST forcing is not stationary but varies over decades, the reasons for which remain poorly understood. Here we show that...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qi Tian, Jin-Yi Yu, Hyacinth C. Nnamchi, Tim Li, Jianping Li, Xichen Li, Ruiqiang Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61130-4
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