Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners
Abstract This study investigates the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of TC-85, a biocompatible material specifically designed for orthodontic applications, with a focus on how temperature variations influence its mechanical and viscoelastic properties and their relevance to clinical outcomes....
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93026-0 |
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| author | Jin Young Choi Hoon Kim Seong Hun Kim Su Jung Kim Jung-Yul Cha Se Yeon Lee Jiho Lee Jinhong Min Sunho Jang Tanveer Ahmed Khan Hyun-Joong Kim Ki Beom Kim |
| author_facet | Jin Young Choi Hoon Kim Seong Hun Kim Su Jung Kim Jung-Yul Cha Se Yeon Lee Jiho Lee Jinhong Min Sunho Jang Tanveer Ahmed Khan Hyun-Joong Kim Ki Beom Kim |
| author_sort | Jin Young Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study investigates the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of TC-85, a biocompatible material specifically designed for orthodontic applications, with a focus on how temperature variations influence its mechanical and viscoelastic properties and their relevance to clinical outcomes. Using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer, the photosensitive resin TC-85 is printed, and extensive thermo-mechanical testing is conducted, which includes evaluations of tensile modulus, stress relaxation, and creep behavior. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is conducted at temperatures varying from 30 to 45 °C to assess the material’s adaptive response to thermal fluctuations. TC-85 is distinguished by its unique mechanical properties, which include a temperature-sensitive stiffness, stress relaxation capability, and shape memory feature. The results demonstrate that TC-85 maintains an enhanced level of residual force and a faster recovery of strain through numerous cycles of loading and unloading. At 40 °C, TC-85 displays a substantial reduction in its storage modulus, while maintaining consistent strain recovery and volumetric constancy. The study highlights TC-85’s potential in orthodontic treatments, providing adaptable mechanical and viscoelastic properties that enable the exertion of consistent and regulated forces on teeth. Its resistance to force decay, stable volume at raised temperatures, and shape memory properties enhance hygienic maintenance and patient comfort, positioning TC-85 as a pioneering material for the next generation of clear aligners. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6d4bbc20a3848fa83f1e754b1e52af2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6d4bbc20a3848fa83f1e754b1e52af22025-08-20T03:03:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-93026-0Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear alignersJin Young Choi0Hoon Kim1Seong Hun Kim2Su Jung Kim3Jung-Yul Cha4Se Yeon Lee5Jiho Lee6Jinhong Min7Sunho Jang8Tanveer Ahmed Khan9Hyun-Joong Kim10Ki Beom Kim11Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversityCollege of Agriculture and Life, Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei UniversityGraphy, Inc.Graphy, Inc.Graphy, Inc.Graphy, Inc.College of Agriculture and Life, Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Saint Louis UniversityAbstract This study investigates the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of TC-85, a biocompatible material specifically designed for orthodontic applications, with a focus on how temperature variations influence its mechanical and viscoelastic properties and their relevance to clinical outcomes. Using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer, the photosensitive resin TC-85 is printed, and extensive thermo-mechanical testing is conducted, which includes evaluations of tensile modulus, stress relaxation, and creep behavior. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is conducted at temperatures varying from 30 to 45 °C to assess the material’s adaptive response to thermal fluctuations. TC-85 is distinguished by its unique mechanical properties, which include a temperature-sensitive stiffness, stress relaxation capability, and shape memory feature. The results demonstrate that TC-85 maintains an enhanced level of residual force and a faster recovery of strain through numerous cycles of loading and unloading. At 40 °C, TC-85 displays a substantial reduction in its storage modulus, while maintaining consistent strain recovery and volumetric constancy. The study highlights TC-85’s potential in orthodontic treatments, providing adaptable mechanical and viscoelastic properties that enable the exertion of consistent and regulated forces on teeth. Its resistance to force decay, stable volume at raised temperatures, and shape memory properties enhance hygienic maintenance and patient comfort, positioning TC-85 as a pioneering material for the next generation of clear aligners.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93026-0 |
| spellingShingle | Jin Young Choi Hoon Kim Seong Hun Kim Su Jung Kim Jung-Yul Cha Se Yeon Lee Jiho Lee Jinhong Min Sunho Jang Tanveer Ahmed Khan Hyun-Joong Kim Ki Beom Kim Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners Scientific Reports |
| title | Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners |
| title_full | Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners |
| title_short | Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners |
| title_sort | mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature responsive photocurable resin for 3d printed orthodontic clear aligners |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93026-0 |
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