Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement Configurations
This paper presents the fatigue limit of flax/PLA composites with different fiber reinforcement architectures. The configurations of the analyzed flax/PLA composites are [0°]<sub>8</sub>, [0°/90°]<sub>s</sub>, [+45°/−45°]<sub>s</sub>, [90°]<sub>4</sub>...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Samuel Charca Diego G. Cervantes Liu Jiao-Wang Carlos Santiuste |
| author_facet | Samuel Charca Diego G. Cervantes Liu Jiao-Wang Carlos Santiuste |
| author_sort | Samuel Charca |
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| description | This paper presents the fatigue limit of flax/PLA composites with different fiber reinforcement architectures. The configurations of the analyzed flax/PLA composites are [0°]<sub>8</sub>, [0°/90°]<sub>s</sub>, [+45°/−45°]<sub>s</sub>, [90°]<sub>4</sub>, stacking sequences, and basket weave laminates. The methods used to estimate the fatigue limit are the fitting of stress versus number of cycles data using Weibull and Basquin equations, the surface thermographic technique with bilinear and exponential models to analyze the evolution of temperature increment, and volumetric dissipated energy. According to the results found, superficial temperature and the maximum strain reached stabilization over 2000 cycles for σ<sub>max</sub>/σ<sub>ut</sub> < 0.7, which was used to determine cyclic stress–strain curves and the fatigue limit. The cyclic stress–strain shows a nonlinear behavior for all laminates, having a good correlation to the Ramberg–Osgood model. Furthermore, having the stabilized temperature and volumetric dissipated energy, the exponential model was used to evaluate the fatigue limit and compared to the values found by Basquin and bilinear models. The fatigue limit found by Basquin and bilinear models shows conservative values compared to the exponential models. The results also show that temperature measurement using infrared thermography is quite sensitive to the environmental temperature variation, especially at low stress applied, and finally, the comparison of these methods on different reinforcement configurations provides a guide to select a proper technique in each case. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0f8e5bb4f5442ad99c2ac7d9bb7ea83 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a0f8e5bb4f5442ad99c2ac7d9bb7ea832025-08-20T03:11:18ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511618910.3390/app15116189Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement ConfigurationsSamuel Charca0Diego G. Cervantes1Liu Jiao-Wang2Carlos Santiuste3Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, SpainMechanical Engineering, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Barranco, Lima 15063, PeruDepartment of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, SpainDepartment of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, SpainThis paper presents the fatigue limit of flax/PLA composites with different fiber reinforcement architectures. The configurations of the analyzed flax/PLA composites are [0°]<sub>8</sub>, [0°/90°]<sub>s</sub>, [+45°/−45°]<sub>s</sub>, [90°]<sub>4</sub>, stacking sequences, and basket weave laminates. The methods used to estimate the fatigue limit are the fitting of stress versus number of cycles data using Weibull and Basquin equations, the surface thermographic technique with bilinear and exponential models to analyze the evolution of temperature increment, and volumetric dissipated energy. According to the results found, superficial temperature and the maximum strain reached stabilization over 2000 cycles for σ<sub>max</sub>/σ<sub>ut</sub> < 0.7, which was used to determine cyclic stress–strain curves and the fatigue limit. The cyclic stress–strain shows a nonlinear behavior for all laminates, having a good correlation to the Ramberg–Osgood model. Furthermore, having the stabilized temperature and volumetric dissipated energy, the exponential model was used to evaluate the fatigue limit and compared to the values found by Basquin and bilinear models. The fatigue limit found by Basquin and bilinear models shows conservative values compared to the exponential models. The results also show that temperature measurement using infrared thermography is quite sensitive to the environmental temperature variation, especially at low stress applied, and finally, the comparison of these methods on different reinforcement configurations provides a guide to select a proper technique in each case.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6189flax/PLA compositesfatigue limitinfrared thermographyvolumetric dissipated energy |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Charca Diego G. Cervantes Liu Jiao-Wang Carlos Santiuste Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement Configurations Applied Sciences flax/PLA composites fatigue limit infrared thermography volumetric dissipated energy |
| title | Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement Configurations |
| title_full | Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement Configurations |
| title_fullStr | Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement Configurations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement Configurations |
| title_short | Fatigue Life (Limit) Analysis Through Infrared Thermography on Flax/PLA Composites with Different Reinforcement Configurations |
| title_sort | fatigue life limit analysis through infrared thermography on flax pla composites with different reinforcement configurations |
| topic | flax/PLA composites fatigue limit infrared thermography volumetric dissipated energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6189 |
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