Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru

This study presents the geological and geomorphological characterization of the Pie de la Cuesta landslide, a large (>60 ha) slow-moving (up 4.5 m/month) landslide in Southern Peru. The landslide has been active since 1975 and underwent a significant re-activation in 2016; the mass movement has c...

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Main Authors: Rosmery Infa, Antenor Chavez, Jorge Soto, Joseph Huanca, Gioachino Roberti, Brent Ward, Rigoberto Aguilar, Teresa Teixidó
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Geosciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/14/11/291
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author Rosmery Infa
Antenor Chavez
Jorge Soto
Joseph Huanca
Gioachino Roberti
Brent Ward
Rigoberto Aguilar
Teresa Teixidó
author_facet Rosmery Infa
Antenor Chavez
Jorge Soto
Joseph Huanca
Gioachino Roberti
Brent Ward
Rigoberto Aguilar
Teresa Teixidó
author_sort Rosmery Infa
collection DOAJ
description This study presents the geological and geomorphological characterization of the Pie de la Cuesta landslide, a large (>60 ha) slow-moving (up 4.5 m/month) landslide in Southern Peru. The landslide has been active since 1975 and underwent a significant re-activation in 2016; the mass movement has caused the loss of property and agricultural land and it is currently moving, causing further damage to property and land. We use a combination of historical aerial photographs, satellite images and field work to characterize the landslide’s geology and geomorphology. The landslide is affecting the slope of the Vitor Valley, constituted by a coarsening upward sedimentary sequence transitioning from layers of mudstone and gypsum at the base, to sandstone and conglomerate at the top with a significant ignimbrite layer interbedded within conglomerates near the top of the sequence. The landslide is triggered by an irrigation system that provides up to 10 L/s of water infiltrating the landslide mass. This water forms two groundwater levels at lithological transitions between conglomerates and mudstones, defining the main failure planes. The landslide is characterized by three main structural domains defined by extension, translation and compression deformation regimes. The extensional zone, near the top of the slope, is defined by a main horst–graben structure that transitions into the translation zone defined by toppling and disaggregating blocks that eventually become earth flows that characterize the compressional zone at the front of the landslides, defined by thrusting structures covering the agricultural land at the valley floor. The deformation rates range from 8 cm/month at the top of the slope to 4.5 m/month within the earth flows. As of May 2023, 22.7 ha of potential agricultural land has been buried.
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spelling doaj-art-93726045fdfd44c9b249d2e296efa00e2025-08-20T02:28:05ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632024-10-01141129110.3390/geosciences14110291Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, PeruRosmery Infa0Antenor Chavez1Jorge Soto2Joseph Huanca3Gioachino Roberti4Brent Ward5Rigoberto Aguilar6Teresa Teixidó7Facultad de Geología, Geofísica y Minas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04000, PeruFacultad de Geología, Geofísica y Minas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04000, PeruFacultad de Geología, Geofísica y Minas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04000, PeruFacultad de Geología, Geofísica y Minas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04000, PeruMount Meager Consulting Inc., 17-38173 Westway Avenue, Squamish, BC V8B0Y4, CanadaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, CanadaInstituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico, Dirección de Geología Ambiental y Riesgo Geológico, Arequipa 04000, PeruInstituto Andaluz de Geofísica y Prevención de Desastres Sísmicos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainThis study presents the geological and geomorphological characterization of the Pie de la Cuesta landslide, a large (>60 ha) slow-moving (up 4.5 m/month) landslide in Southern Peru. The landslide has been active since 1975 and underwent a significant re-activation in 2016; the mass movement has caused the loss of property and agricultural land and it is currently moving, causing further damage to property and land. We use a combination of historical aerial photographs, satellite images and field work to characterize the landslide’s geology and geomorphology. The landslide is affecting the slope of the Vitor Valley, constituted by a coarsening upward sedimentary sequence transitioning from layers of mudstone and gypsum at the base, to sandstone and conglomerate at the top with a significant ignimbrite layer interbedded within conglomerates near the top of the sequence. The landslide is triggered by an irrigation system that provides up to 10 L/s of water infiltrating the landslide mass. This water forms two groundwater levels at lithological transitions between conglomerates and mudstones, defining the main failure planes. The landslide is characterized by three main structural domains defined by extension, translation and compression deformation regimes. The extensional zone, near the top of the slope, is defined by a main horst–graben structure that transitions into the translation zone defined by toppling and disaggregating blocks that eventually become earth flows that characterize the compressional zone at the front of the landslides, defined by thrusting structures covering the agricultural land at the valley floor. The deformation rates range from 8 cm/month at the top of the slope to 4.5 m/month within the earth flows. As of May 2023, 22.7 ha of potential agricultural land has been buried.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/14/11/291anthropogenic landslideslow-moving landslideirrigation-triggered mass movementsearth flow
spellingShingle Rosmery Infa
Antenor Chavez
Jorge Soto
Joseph Huanca
Gioachino Roberti
Brent Ward
Rigoberto Aguilar
Teresa Teixidó
Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru
Geosciences
anthropogenic landslide
slow-moving landslide
irrigation-triggered mass movements
earth flow
title Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru
title_full Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru
title_fullStr Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru
title_full_unstemmed Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru
title_short Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru
title_sort geological and geomorphological characterization of the anthropogenic landslide of pie de la cuesta in the vitor valley arequipa peru
topic anthropogenic landslide
slow-moving landslide
irrigation-triggered mass movements
earth flow
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/14/11/291
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