Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background and aim It is well-recognized that inflammation is an adaptive pathophysiological response in many types of cancer. Research on nutrition's critical role in inflammation, a risk factor for all forms of cancer, is growing. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was created late...

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Main Authors: Hossein bahraami Yarahmadi, Kianoush Shahryari, Mahdi Bozorgi, Ahmadreza Shirdel, Zhina Mohamadi, Negar Rooshenas, Helia Karim Nezhad, Hesam Mobaraki, Majid Aryannejad, Anahita Emdadi, Yekta Khosravian, Seyed Amirabbas Shahidi Marnani, Seyyed Kiarash SadatRafiei, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Amir Marashi, Farbod Khosravi, Maryam Khodaei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14199-5
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author Hossein bahraami Yarahmadi
Kianoush Shahryari
Mahdi Bozorgi
Ahmadreza Shirdel
Zhina Mohamadi
Negar Rooshenas
Helia Karim Nezhad
Hesam Mobaraki
Majid Aryannejad
Anahita Emdadi
Yekta Khosravian
Seyed Amirabbas Shahidi Marnani
Seyyed Kiarash SadatRafiei
Mahsa Asadi Anar
Amir Marashi
Farbod Khosravi
Maryam Khodaei
author_facet Hossein bahraami Yarahmadi
Kianoush Shahryari
Mahdi Bozorgi
Ahmadreza Shirdel
Zhina Mohamadi
Negar Rooshenas
Helia Karim Nezhad
Hesam Mobaraki
Majid Aryannejad
Anahita Emdadi
Yekta Khosravian
Seyed Amirabbas Shahidi Marnani
Seyyed Kiarash SadatRafiei
Mahsa Asadi Anar
Amir Marashi
Farbod Khosravi
Maryam Khodaei
author_sort Hossein bahraami Yarahmadi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background and aim It is well-recognized that inflammation is an adaptive pathophysiological response in many types of cancer. Research on nutrition's critical role in inflammation, a risk factor for all forms of cancer, is growing. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was created lately to assess if a diet is pro- or anti-inflammatory in terms of inflammation. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated the correlation between DII and the risk of several cancer types. This meta-analysis set out to look into the relationship between DII and the different forms of esophageal cancer. Method PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to May 2024 to retrieve relevant articles. RAYYAN intelligent tool for systematic reviews was incorporated for the screening of studies. Original articles written in English Studies that investigated the inflammatory index of diet in individuals who developed esophageal cancer were included in this study.STATA v18 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Egger's test for publication bias assessment was implemented. Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the qualities of the included studies. A plot digitizer was used to extract digital data. Result A total of 13 studies were included in the systematic review, with 6 studies contributing to the meta-analysis, comprising 10,150 participants. The participants were categorized into high and low DII groups, with the low DII group (n = 3,403) serving as the reference. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between high DII and increased risk of esophageal cancer. Specifically, individuals in the high DII group were 29% more likely to develop esophageal cancer, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.29 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.16–1.43), as calculated using a random-effects model. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 > 50%). Egger’s test indicated evidence of publication bias (p < 0.05). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this association across populations and study designs. Conclusion our study concludes that a higher level of DII is associated with a higher risk of esophageal cancer development. This study suggests that modifying inflammatory properties of dietary patterns can reduce the risk of incidence of esophageal cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-77ef8f036635437fa5e13f352cb6d7d92025-08-20T01:47:29ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-05-0125111410.1186/s12885-025-14199-5Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysisHossein bahraami Yarahmadi0Kianoush Shahryari1Mahdi Bozorgi2Ahmadreza Shirdel3Zhina Mohamadi4Negar Rooshenas5Helia Karim Nezhad6Hesam Mobaraki7Majid Aryannejad8Anahita Emdadi9Yekta Khosravian10Seyed Amirabbas Shahidi Marnani11Seyyed Kiarash SadatRafiei12Mahsa Asadi Anar13Amir Marashi14Farbod Khosravi15Maryam Khodaei16Dental School, Zanjan University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciencesstudent research committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi UniversityDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi UniversityFaculty of Medicine, İstanbul Yeniyuzyil UniversityDental School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi UniversityDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi UniversitySchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of ArizonaShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background and aim It is well-recognized that inflammation is an adaptive pathophysiological response in many types of cancer. Research on nutrition's critical role in inflammation, a risk factor for all forms of cancer, is growing. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was created lately to assess if a diet is pro- or anti-inflammatory in terms of inflammation. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated the correlation between DII and the risk of several cancer types. This meta-analysis set out to look into the relationship between DII and the different forms of esophageal cancer. Method PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to May 2024 to retrieve relevant articles. RAYYAN intelligent tool for systematic reviews was incorporated for the screening of studies. Original articles written in English Studies that investigated the inflammatory index of diet in individuals who developed esophageal cancer were included in this study.STATA v18 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Egger's test for publication bias assessment was implemented. Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the qualities of the included studies. A plot digitizer was used to extract digital data. Result A total of 13 studies were included in the systematic review, with 6 studies contributing to the meta-analysis, comprising 10,150 participants. The participants were categorized into high and low DII groups, with the low DII group (n = 3,403) serving as the reference. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between high DII and increased risk of esophageal cancer. Specifically, individuals in the high DII group were 29% more likely to develop esophageal cancer, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.29 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.16–1.43), as calculated using a random-effects model. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 > 50%). Egger’s test indicated evidence of publication bias (p < 0.05). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this association across populations and study designs. Conclusion our study concludes that a higher level of DII is associated with a higher risk of esophageal cancer development. This study suggests that modifying inflammatory properties of dietary patterns can reduce the risk of incidence of esophageal cancer.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14199-5DIIDietary inflammatory indexEsophageal cancer
spellingShingle Hossein bahraami Yarahmadi
Kianoush Shahryari
Mahdi Bozorgi
Ahmadreza Shirdel
Zhina Mohamadi
Negar Rooshenas
Helia Karim Nezhad
Hesam Mobaraki
Majid Aryannejad
Anahita Emdadi
Yekta Khosravian
Seyed Amirabbas Shahidi Marnani
Seyyed Kiarash SadatRafiei
Mahsa Asadi Anar
Amir Marashi
Farbod Khosravi
Maryam Khodaei
Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Cancer
DII
Dietary inflammatory index
Esophageal cancer
title Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort dietary inflammatory index and the risk of esophageal cancer a systematic review and meta analysis
topic DII
Dietary inflammatory index
Esophageal cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14199-5
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