Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Battery

When the concentration of a gas is below its lower flammable limit and the content of a liquid is below its minimum explosible concentration, their combined fuel mixture can be ignitable. The flammability characteristics and inhibition strategies for battery emission mixtures deserve further in-dept...

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Main Authors: Yan Wang, Zhaozhi Zhang, Ruiguang Yu, Yalun Li, Hewu Wang, Languang Lu, Xuning Feng, Minggao Ouyang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Batteries
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/423
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author Yan Wang
Zhaozhi Zhang
Ruiguang Yu
Yalun Li
Hewu Wang
Languang Lu
Xuning Feng
Minggao Ouyang
author_facet Yan Wang
Zhaozhi Zhang
Ruiguang Yu
Yalun Li
Hewu Wang
Languang Lu
Xuning Feng
Minggao Ouyang
author_sort Yan Wang
collection DOAJ
description When the concentration of a gas is below its lower flammable limit and the content of a liquid is below its minimum explosible concentration, their combined fuel mixture can be ignitable. The flammability characteristics and inhibition strategies for battery emission mixtures deserve further in-depth research attention. This article presents experimental research on the ignition characteristics and inhibition strategy for a venting emission mixture of a failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> battery. By identifying the components of venting emissions, ignition experiments for gases, electrolyte mist, their combination fuels, and mixtures with additives are performed to determine the flammable parameters, including ignition sensitivity and severity. The hybrid combination of non-flammable venting gases and electrolyte mist has the potential to induce ignition. However, there still exists a non-ignition region, where the gas concentration ratio (m<sub>g</sub>) is below 0.15 and the liquid concentration ratio (m<sub>l</sub>) is below 0.1. A safety design principle can be proposed: increasing ignition temperature, prolonging ignition time, and reducing maximum pressure. Adhering to this principle, a non-flammable electrolyte consisting of 1 mol LiPF<sub>6</sub> in EC:DEC = 1:1 vol%, with FEC at 10% and VC at 1%, can be considered as an optimization strategy. In comparison to the original gas–liquid mixtures, the region where no ignition occurs becomes wider when both the m<sub>g</sub> is below 0.45 and the m<sub>l</sub> is below 0.3. The new two-phase mixture has an ignition temperature of 835 °C, which is, respectively, 50% higher than that of the original mixture. Overall, this experimental research demonstrates an innovative methodology for assessing the battery venting emission mixture safety while proposing a design principle for modifying non-flammable electrolyte functional materials. Consequently, these findings can contribute to formulating more suitable preventive and protective measures for commercial electric vehicles and battery energy storage systems’ thermal safety designs.
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series Batteries
spelling doaj-art-754ccd0c3aad4950b3d7d987f3a400a52025-08-20T02:57:12ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052024-11-01101242310.3390/batteries10120423Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> BatteryYan Wang0Zhaozhi Zhang1Ruiguang Yu2Yalun Li3Hewu Wang4Languang Lu5Xuning Feng6Minggao Ouyang7School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaWhen the concentration of a gas is below its lower flammable limit and the content of a liquid is below its minimum explosible concentration, their combined fuel mixture can be ignitable. The flammability characteristics and inhibition strategies for battery emission mixtures deserve further in-depth research attention. This article presents experimental research on the ignition characteristics and inhibition strategy for a venting emission mixture of a failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> battery. By identifying the components of venting emissions, ignition experiments for gases, electrolyte mist, their combination fuels, and mixtures with additives are performed to determine the flammable parameters, including ignition sensitivity and severity. The hybrid combination of non-flammable venting gases and electrolyte mist has the potential to induce ignition. However, there still exists a non-ignition region, where the gas concentration ratio (m<sub>g</sub>) is below 0.15 and the liquid concentration ratio (m<sub>l</sub>) is below 0.1. A safety design principle can be proposed: increasing ignition temperature, prolonging ignition time, and reducing maximum pressure. Adhering to this principle, a non-flammable electrolyte consisting of 1 mol LiPF<sub>6</sub> in EC:DEC = 1:1 vol%, with FEC at 10% and VC at 1%, can be considered as an optimization strategy. In comparison to the original gas–liquid mixtures, the region where no ignition occurs becomes wider when both the m<sub>g</sub> is below 0.45 and the m<sub>l</sub> is below 0.3. The new two-phase mixture has an ignition temperature of 835 °C, which is, respectively, 50% higher than that of the original mixture. Overall, this experimental research demonstrates an innovative methodology for assessing the battery venting emission mixture safety while proposing a design principle for modifying non-flammable electrolyte functional materials. Consequently, these findings can contribute to formulating more suitable preventive and protective measures for commercial electric vehicles and battery energy storage systems’ thermal safety designs.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/423lower flammable limitventing emissionignition sensitivityignition temperature
spellingShingle Yan Wang
Zhaozhi Zhang
Ruiguang Yu
Yalun Li
Hewu Wang
Languang Lu
Xuning Feng
Minggao Ouyang
Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Battery
Batteries
lower flammable limit
venting emission
ignition sensitivity
ignition temperature
title Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Battery
title_full Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Battery
title_fullStr Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Battery
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Battery
title_short Experimental Research on the Ignition Characteristics and Inhibition Strategy for Venting Emissions Mixture of Failure LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Battery
title_sort experimental research on the ignition characteristics and inhibition strategy for venting emissions mixture of failure lifepo sub 4 sub battery
topic lower flammable limit
venting emission
ignition sensitivity
ignition temperature
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/423
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