Overall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet Expansion
The ultrarelativistic jet released in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to produce ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), prompt gamma-ray emission, and hence prompt high-energy neutrinos by photopion interactions. In this work, we calculate the time-integrated neutrino spectrum during the expans...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc68e |
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| author | Qinyuan Zhang Zhuo Li |
| author_facet | Qinyuan Zhang Zhuo Li |
| author_sort | Qinyuan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ultrarelativistic jet released in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to produce ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), prompt gamma-ray emission, and hence prompt high-energy neutrinos by photopion interactions. In this work, we calculate the time-integrated neutrino spectrum during the expansion of jets by taking into account the time evolution of cosmic-ray and secondary spectra and neutrino production. We numerically solve the continuity equations for nucleons, pions, and muons for their spectral evolution. Since pion and muon damping weakens as the jet expands, the neutrino production at large radii at high energies may dominate that around the jet energy dissipation radius. Compared with the usually adopted approaches that only consider neutrino production around the energy dissipation radius, the overall UHE neutrino fluence integrated over time can be significantly larger, and the flavor fraction of electron neutrinos as function of neutrino energy is different at UHE, due to neutrino production at radii much larger than the energy dissipation radius. The faster magnetic field decay leads to larger UHE neutrino fluence, and the UHE neutrino spectra are weakly dependent on the energy dissipation radius and the jet Lorentz factor. Observations of prompt EeV neutrinos from GRBs by the next-generation neutrino telescopes, e.g., GRAND and IceCube-Gen2, will test the hypothesis of GRBs as UHECR sources and probe the physics of GRB jets. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-74b8712ad7e14cebb33fbde4a77bcfe9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-74b8712ad7e14cebb33fbde4a77bcfe92025-08-20T03:09:41ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-019851910.3847/1538-4357/adc68eOverall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet ExpansionQinyuan Zhang0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-208XZhuo Li1Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China ; zhangqy@stu.pku.edu.cn, zhuo.li@pku.edu.cnDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China ; zhangqy@stu.pku.edu.cn, zhuo.li@pku.edu.cn; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaThe ultrarelativistic jet released in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to produce ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), prompt gamma-ray emission, and hence prompt high-energy neutrinos by photopion interactions. In this work, we calculate the time-integrated neutrino spectrum during the expansion of jets by taking into account the time evolution of cosmic-ray and secondary spectra and neutrino production. We numerically solve the continuity equations for nucleons, pions, and muons for their spectral evolution. Since pion and muon damping weakens as the jet expands, the neutrino production at large radii at high energies may dominate that around the jet energy dissipation radius. Compared with the usually adopted approaches that only consider neutrino production around the energy dissipation radius, the overall UHE neutrino fluence integrated over time can be significantly larger, and the flavor fraction of electron neutrinos as function of neutrino energy is different at UHE, due to neutrino production at radii much larger than the energy dissipation radius. The faster magnetic field decay leads to larger UHE neutrino fluence, and the UHE neutrino spectra are weakly dependent on the energy dissipation radius and the jet Lorentz factor. Observations of prompt EeV neutrinos from GRBs by the next-generation neutrino telescopes, e.g., GRAND and IceCube-Gen2, will test the hypothesis of GRBs as UHECR sources and probe the physics of GRB jets.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc68eGamma-ray burstsNeutrino astronomyCosmic raysParticle astrophysics |
| spellingShingle | Qinyuan Zhang Zhuo Li Overall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet Expansion The Astrophysical Journal Gamma-ray bursts Neutrino astronomy Cosmic rays Particle astrophysics |
| title | Overall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet Expansion |
| title_full | Overall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet Expansion |
| title_fullStr | Overall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet Expansion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet Expansion |
| title_short | Overall Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Emission from GRBs During Jet Expansion |
| title_sort | overall ultra high energy neutrino emission from grbs during jet expansion |
| topic | Gamma-ray bursts Neutrino astronomy Cosmic rays Particle astrophysics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc68e |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qinyuanzhang overallultrahighenergyneutrinoemissionfromgrbsduringjetexpansion AT zhuoli overallultrahighenergyneutrinoemissionfromgrbsduringjetexpansion |