The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve

The Mexican Caribbean coastal dune is protected by national and international environmental legislation. However, through permits, concessions and authorizations for changes in land use, the coastal dune has been fragmented or suppressed, mainly for touristic activities, causing a decline in protect...

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Main Authors: Eloy Gayosso-Soto, Sergio Cohuo, Joan Alberto Sánchez-Sánchez, Laura Macario-González, Carmen Amelia Villegas-Sánchez, Alejandro Medina-Quej, Jorge Manuel Tello-Chan, Leopoldo Querubín Cutz-Pool, José Manuel Castro-Pérez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/9/1533
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author Eloy Gayosso-Soto
Sergio Cohuo
Joan Alberto Sánchez-Sánchez
Laura Macario-González
Carmen Amelia Villegas-Sánchez
Alejandro Medina-Quej
Jorge Manuel Tello-Chan
Leopoldo Querubín Cutz-Pool
José Manuel Castro-Pérez
author_facet Eloy Gayosso-Soto
Sergio Cohuo
Joan Alberto Sánchez-Sánchez
Laura Macario-González
Carmen Amelia Villegas-Sánchez
Alejandro Medina-Quej
Jorge Manuel Tello-Chan
Leopoldo Querubín Cutz-Pool
José Manuel Castro-Pérez
author_sort Eloy Gayosso-Soto
collection DOAJ
description The Mexican Caribbean coastal dune is protected by national and international environmental legislation. However, through permits, concessions and authorizations for changes in land use, the coastal dune has been fragmented or suppressed, mainly for touristic activities, causing a decline in protective and ecological ecosystem services. In this study, we evaluated the strength and weakness of Mexican legislation to protect the Caribbean coastal dune ecosystem and estimated the historical and current effects on coastal dune vegetation and dune geomorphology, associated with legal allowances of land use change in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve (SKBR). Legislation at the federal, state and local level were critically reviewed, and with remote sensing techniques and the Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), we conducted a case study in the SKBR to estimate coastal dune vegetation alteration trends during the period 2011–2020 and modifications on the dune geomorphology associated with land use change allowances. At the federal (four laws), state (eight laws) and local (nine Local and Territorial Planning Programs (POEL and POET) levels, we found a lack of consensus and alignment between regulations, starting with a lack of definition of ecosystems subject to protection. For coastal dunes, none of them consider topography, ecological function and a way to identify it in the field, making the surveillance highly complex and favoring land use changes, the removal of vegetation and dune geomorphology alteration. Remote sensing techniques showed that areas with land use authorizations exhibit negative vegetation cover trends (Mann–Kendall <−0.4), indicating a decline in vegetation cover density that is mostly anthropogenically induced. The RPAS analysis demonstrated drastic alterations to complete elimination of the coastal dune geomorphology in areas with land use change. In the Mexican Caribbean, the loss of coastal dune and associated ecosystem by the lack of congruent legislation threatens the environmental stability of the coastal areas.
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spelling doaj-art-70d68e17187b45d1b865e7afc9d173d82025-08-20T01:55:37ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2024-09-01139153310.3390/land13091533The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere ReserveEloy Gayosso-Soto0Sergio Cohuo1Joan Alberto Sánchez-Sánchez2Laura Macario-González3Carmen Amelia Villegas-Sánchez4Alejandro Medina-Quej5Jorge Manuel Tello-Chan6Leopoldo Querubín Cutz-Pool7José Manuel Castro-Pérez8Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal 77013, Quintana Roo, MexicoTecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal 77013, Quintana Roo, MexicoDepartment of Sustainability Sciences, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, MexicoTecnológico Nacional de México/IT de la Zona Maya, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega Km 21.5, Ejido Juan Sarabia 77965, Quintana Roo, MexicoTecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal 77013, Quintana Roo, MexicoTecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal 77013, Quintana Roo, MexicoTecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal 77013, Quintana Roo, MexicoTecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal 77013, Quintana Roo, MexicoTecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Av. Insurgentes 330, Chetumal 77013, Quintana Roo, MexicoThe Mexican Caribbean coastal dune is protected by national and international environmental legislation. However, through permits, concessions and authorizations for changes in land use, the coastal dune has been fragmented or suppressed, mainly for touristic activities, causing a decline in protective and ecological ecosystem services. In this study, we evaluated the strength and weakness of Mexican legislation to protect the Caribbean coastal dune ecosystem and estimated the historical and current effects on coastal dune vegetation and dune geomorphology, associated with legal allowances of land use change in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve (SKBR). Legislation at the federal, state and local level were critically reviewed, and with remote sensing techniques and the Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), we conducted a case study in the SKBR to estimate coastal dune vegetation alteration trends during the period 2011–2020 and modifications on the dune geomorphology associated with land use change allowances. At the federal (four laws), state (eight laws) and local (nine Local and Territorial Planning Programs (POEL and POET) levels, we found a lack of consensus and alignment between regulations, starting with a lack of definition of ecosystems subject to protection. For coastal dunes, none of them consider topography, ecological function and a way to identify it in the field, making the surveillance highly complex and favoring land use changes, the removal of vegetation and dune geomorphology alteration. Remote sensing techniques showed that areas with land use authorizations exhibit negative vegetation cover trends (Mann–Kendall <−0.4), indicating a decline in vegetation cover density that is mostly anthropogenically induced. The RPAS analysis demonstrated drastic alterations to complete elimination of the coastal dune geomorphology in areas with land use change. In the Mexican Caribbean, the loss of coastal dune and associated ecosystem by the lack of congruent legislation threatens the environmental stability of the coastal areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/9/1533coastal duneMexican Caribbeanenvironmental legislationremote sensingremotely piloted aircraft systemSian Ka’an biosphere reserve
spellingShingle Eloy Gayosso-Soto
Sergio Cohuo
Joan Alberto Sánchez-Sánchez
Laura Macario-González
Carmen Amelia Villegas-Sánchez
Alejandro Medina-Quej
Jorge Manuel Tello-Chan
Leopoldo Querubín Cutz-Pool
José Manuel Castro-Pérez
The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
Land
coastal dune
Mexican Caribbean
environmental legislation
remote sensing
remotely piloted aircraft system
Sian Ka’an biosphere reserve
title The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
title_full The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
title_fullStr The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
title_full_unstemmed The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
title_short The Environmental Legal Framework of Mexican Caribbean Dunes: A Retrospective Case Study of Vegetation and Coastal Dune Loss in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
title_sort environmental legal framework of mexican caribbean dunes a retrospective case study of vegetation and coastal dune loss in the sian ka an biosphere reserve
topic coastal dune
Mexican Caribbean
environmental legislation
remote sensing
remotely piloted aircraft system
Sian Ka’an biosphere reserve
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/9/1533
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