Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory

There are many types of superconductors, including gold ormus and some fullerene derivatives. Gold can become a superconductor at extremely low temperatures (<1 K), allowing it to conduct electricity without resistance. While not as commonly used as materials like niobium or lead, gold supercondu...

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Main Authors: Mohamad Hasson, Mohamad Asem Alkourdi, Marwan Al-Raeei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Results in Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24001006
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author Mohamad Hasson
Mohamad Asem Alkourdi
Marwan Al-Raeei
author_facet Mohamad Hasson
Mohamad Asem Alkourdi
Marwan Al-Raeei
author_sort Mohamad Hasson
collection DOAJ
description There are many types of superconductors, including gold ormus and some fullerene derivatives. Gold can become a superconductor at extremely low temperatures (<1 K), allowing it to conduct electricity without resistance. While not as commonly used as materials like niobium or lead, gold superconductors are valuable for research and development in superconductivity. Fullerene derivatives like potassium fullerenide-60 also exhibit high superconductivity. Limited studies have been conducted on both gold ormus and superconducting fullerene derivatives. Our study of numerical simulations of the Ginzburg-Landau theory in superconductors for gold ormus and potassium fullerenide-60 has yielded important results. We have successfully simulated class-I and class-II superconducting gold ormus, as well as potassium fullerenide-60, using the Runge-Kutta fourth order method. Our analysis demonstrates the convergence of our simulation outcomes and highlights the importance of considering truncation error and selecting appropriate step sizes for accurate results. The periodic factor of penetration (PFP) for each superconductor has been determined, with class-I superconducting gold having a PFP of 250 nm, class-II superconducting gold having a PFP of 566.2 nm, and potassium fullerenide-60 having a PFP of 1.374 nm. Additionally, our study reveals the relationship between the periodic penetration factor and the length of the penetration depth, showing that the PFP reaches a minimum value at a penetration depth length of 130 nm. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of superconductivity in gold ormus and potassium fullerenide-60, emphasizing the importance of accurate numerical simulations for studying complex physical phenomena. Our study confirmed the accuracy of the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method in simulating superconductors. By examining the PFP for various superconducting materials, we identified trends in penetration depth, shedding light on superconductivity. Our simulations give valuable insights for advancing research in this field, with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method striking a balance between accuracy and efficiency. Careful parameter adjustment ensures reliable simulations and contributes to progress in superconductivity research.
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spelling doaj-art-50a2872327af4980893aad797ee439ef2024-12-15T06:16:29ZengElsevierResults in Materials2590-048X2024-12-0124100626Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theoryMohamad Hasson0Mohamad Asem Alkourdi1Marwan Al-Raeei2Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab RepublicFaculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab RepublicFaculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic; International University for Science and Technology, Ghabagheb, Syrian Arab Republic; Corresponding author. Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.There are many types of superconductors, including gold ormus and some fullerene derivatives. Gold can become a superconductor at extremely low temperatures (<1 K), allowing it to conduct electricity without resistance. While not as commonly used as materials like niobium or lead, gold superconductors are valuable for research and development in superconductivity. Fullerene derivatives like potassium fullerenide-60 also exhibit high superconductivity. Limited studies have been conducted on both gold ormus and superconducting fullerene derivatives. Our study of numerical simulations of the Ginzburg-Landau theory in superconductors for gold ormus and potassium fullerenide-60 has yielded important results. We have successfully simulated class-I and class-II superconducting gold ormus, as well as potassium fullerenide-60, using the Runge-Kutta fourth order method. Our analysis demonstrates the convergence of our simulation outcomes and highlights the importance of considering truncation error and selecting appropriate step sizes for accurate results. The periodic factor of penetration (PFP) for each superconductor has been determined, with class-I superconducting gold having a PFP of 250 nm, class-II superconducting gold having a PFP of 566.2 nm, and potassium fullerenide-60 having a PFP of 1.374 nm. Additionally, our study reveals the relationship between the periodic penetration factor and the length of the penetration depth, showing that the PFP reaches a minimum value at a penetration depth length of 130 nm. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of superconductivity in gold ormus and potassium fullerenide-60, emphasizing the importance of accurate numerical simulations for studying complex physical phenomena. Our study confirmed the accuracy of the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method in simulating superconductors. By examining the PFP for various superconducting materials, we identified trends in penetration depth, shedding light on superconductivity. Our simulations give valuable insights for advancing research in this field, with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method striking a balance between accuracy and efficiency. Careful parameter adjustment ensures reliable simulations and contributes to progress in superconductivity research.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24001006SuperconductorsGinzburg–Landau equationGinzburg–Landau theoryDifferential equationOrmusFullerene
spellingShingle Mohamad Hasson
Mohamad Asem Alkourdi
Marwan Al-Raeei
Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory
Results in Materials
Superconductors
Ginzburg–Landau equation
Ginzburg–Landau theory
Differential equation
Ormus
Fullerene
title Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory
title_full Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory
title_fullStr Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory
title_full_unstemmed Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory
title_short Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory
title_sort advancing superconductivity research insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide 60 and gold and with ginzburg landau theory
topic Superconductors
Ginzburg–Landau equation
Ginzburg–Landau theory
Differential equation
Ormus
Fullerene
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24001006
work_keys_str_mv AT mohamadhasson advancingsuperconductivityresearchinsightsfromnumericalsimulationsofpotassiumfullerenide60andgoldandwithginzburglandautheory
AT mohamadasemalkourdi advancingsuperconductivityresearchinsightsfromnumericalsimulationsofpotassiumfullerenide60andgoldandwithginzburglandautheory
AT marwanalraeei advancingsuperconductivityresearchinsightsfromnumericalsimulationsofpotassiumfullerenide60andgoldandwithginzburglandautheory