First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing
BackgroundCrocodiles are semi-aquatic animals well adapted to hear both on land and under water. Currently, there is limited information on how their amphibious hearing is accomplished. Here, we describe, for the first time, the ear anatomy in the living crocodile using photon-counting detector comp...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1471983/full |
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| author | Karl-Gunnar Melkersson Hao Li Helge Rask-Andersen |
| author_facet | Karl-Gunnar Melkersson Hao Li Helge Rask-Andersen |
| author_sort | Karl-Gunnar Melkersson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundCrocodiles are semi-aquatic animals well adapted to hear both on land and under water. Currently, there is limited information on how their amphibious hearing is accomplished. Here, we describe, for the first time, the ear anatomy in the living crocodile using photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) and 3D rendering. We speculate on how crocodiles, despite their closed ear canals, can use tympanic hearing in water that also provides directional hearing.Material and MethodsA Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) underwent photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT), under anesthesia and spontaneous respiration. In addition two seven-month-old C. rhombifer and a juvenile Morelet´s crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) underwent micro-computed tomography (µCT) and endoscopy. One adult Cuviérs dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) was micro-dissected and video-recorded. Aeration, earflap, and middle ear morphology were evaluated and compared after 3D modeling.Results and DiscussionPCD-CT and µCT with 3D rendering and segmentation demonstrated the anatomy of the external and middle ears with high resolution in both living and expired crocodiles. Based on the findings and comparative examinations, we suggest that the superior earflap, by modulating the meatal recess together with local bone conduction, may implement tympanic hearing in submerged crocodiles, including directional hearing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4f773b1cfa0844f79dedeca60ae32fbe |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4f773b1cfa0844f79dedeca60ae32fbe2025-08-20T02:10:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2024-10-011210.3389/fcell.2024.14719831471983First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearingKarl-Gunnar Melkersson0Hao Li1Helge Rask-Andersen2Curator of Reptiles, Kolmårdens Tropicarium AB, Kolmården, SwedenDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenBackgroundCrocodiles are semi-aquatic animals well adapted to hear both on land and under water. Currently, there is limited information on how their amphibious hearing is accomplished. Here, we describe, for the first time, the ear anatomy in the living crocodile using photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) and 3D rendering. We speculate on how crocodiles, despite their closed ear canals, can use tympanic hearing in water that also provides directional hearing.Material and MethodsA Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) underwent photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT), under anesthesia and spontaneous respiration. In addition two seven-month-old C. rhombifer and a juvenile Morelet´s crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) underwent micro-computed tomography (µCT) and endoscopy. One adult Cuviérs dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) was micro-dissected and video-recorded. Aeration, earflap, and middle ear morphology were evaluated and compared after 3D modeling.Results and DiscussionPCD-CT and µCT with 3D rendering and segmentation demonstrated the anatomy of the external and middle ears with high resolution in both living and expired crocodiles. Based on the findings and comparative examinations, we suggest that the superior earflap, by modulating the meatal recess together with local bone conduction, may implement tympanic hearing in submerged crocodiles, including directional hearing.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1471983/fullphoton-counting computed tomographyμCTcrocodileshearingunderwater |
| spellingShingle | Karl-Gunnar Melkersson Hao Li Helge Rask-Andersen First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology photon-counting computed tomography μCT crocodiles hearing underwater |
| title | First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing |
| title_full | First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing |
| title_fullStr | First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing |
| title_full_unstemmed | First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing |
| title_short | First photon-counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile: a 3D-Imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing |
| title_sort | first photon counting detector computed tomography in the living crocodile a 3d imaging study with special reference to amphibious hearing |
| topic | photon-counting computed tomography μCT crocodiles hearing underwater |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1471983/full |
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