Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of social isolation and its associations with sociodemographic and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults recruited from households. Methods: A cross-sectional study of baseline data (2015–2016) of 7886 Brazilian adults aged 50 years and...

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Main Authors: Paulo Afonso Sandy Júnior, Flávia Silva Arbex Borim, Daniela de Assumpção, Anita Liberalesso Neri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology 2025-01-01
Series:Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging
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Online Access:https://cdn.publisher.gn1.link/ggaging.com/pdf/v18209.pdf
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author Paulo Afonso Sandy Júnior
Flávia Silva Arbex Borim
Daniela de Assumpção
Anita Liberalesso Neri
author_facet Paulo Afonso Sandy Júnior
Flávia Silva Arbex Borim
Daniela de Assumpção
Anita Liberalesso Neri
author_sort Paulo Afonso Sandy Júnior
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of social isolation and its associations with sociodemographic and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults recruited from households. Methods: A cross-sectional study of baseline data (2015–2016) of 7886 Brazilian adults aged 50 years and older from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) was conducted. Social isolation was the dependent variable, as defined by living arrangement, frequency of contact with children, relatives, and friends, and degree of participation in social activities within the community. The independent variables were sociodemographic aspects, health-related behaviors, and health status. Associations between social isolation and independent variables were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. Results: The prevalence ratio (PR) of high level of social isolation was 23.13%. Significant positive associations were observed between high level of social isolation and male sex (PR 1.27; 95%CI 1.16–1.40); being 70 to 79 years old (PR 1.22; 95%CI 1.07–1.39) or 80 years or older (PR 1.56; 95%CI 1.32–1.85); having no formal education (PR 3.15; 95%CI 2.69–3.68) or having a maximum of 4 years (PR 2.11; 95%CI 1.82–2.46) or 5 to 8 years of formal education (PR 1.54; 95%CI 1.30–1.84); fair self-rated health (PR 1.25; 95%CI 1.12–1.39); depressive symptoms (PR 1.22; 95%CI 1.07–1.40); and poor-quality diet (PR 1.37; 95%CI 1.19–1.58). Fair sleep quality was negatively associated with social isolation (PR 0.87; 95%CI 0.78–0.98). Conclusions: The group most at risk for social isolation comprises men, aged 70 or older, with low educational attainment, fair self-rated health, and an unhealthy diet. Future research should use longitudinal study designs to investigate causal relationships and develop interventions for older adults who are socially isolated.
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spelling doaj-art-4554a564f4e54c8e8b9a26ae0d5edf752025-01-09T11:31:23ZengBrazilian Society of Geriatrics and GerontologyGeriatrics, Gerontology and Aging2447-21232025-01-01181910.53886/gga.e0000209_ENAssociations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-BrazilPaulo Afonso Sandy Júnior0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1805-2565Flávia Silva Arbex Borim1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-1145Daniela de Assumpção2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-9811Anita Liberalesso Neri3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-7668Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Campinas (SP), Brazil.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Campinas (SP), Brazil.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Campinas (SP), Brazil.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Campinas (SP), Brazil.Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of social isolation and its associations with sociodemographic and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults recruited from households. Methods: A cross-sectional study of baseline data (2015–2016) of 7886 Brazilian adults aged 50 years and older from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) was conducted. Social isolation was the dependent variable, as defined by living arrangement, frequency of contact with children, relatives, and friends, and degree of participation in social activities within the community. The independent variables were sociodemographic aspects, health-related behaviors, and health status. Associations between social isolation and independent variables were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. Results: The prevalence ratio (PR) of high level of social isolation was 23.13%. Significant positive associations were observed between high level of social isolation and male sex (PR 1.27; 95%CI 1.16–1.40); being 70 to 79 years old (PR 1.22; 95%CI 1.07–1.39) or 80 years or older (PR 1.56; 95%CI 1.32–1.85); having no formal education (PR 3.15; 95%CI 2.69–3.68) or having a maximum of 4 years (PR 2.11; 95%CI 1.82–2.46) or 5 to 8 years of formal education (PR 1.54; 95%CI 1.30–1.84); fair self-rated health (PR 1.25; 95%CI 1.12–1.39); depressive symptoms (PR 1.22; 95%CI 1.07–1.40); and poor-quality diet (PR 1.37; 95%CI 1.19–1.58). Fair sleep quality was negatively associated with social isolation (PR 0.87; 95%CI 0.78–0.98). Conclusions: The group most at risk for social isolation comprises men, aged 70 or older, with low educational attainment, fair self-rated health, and an unhealthy diet. Future research should use longitudinal study designs to investigate causal relationships and develop interventions for older adults who are socially isolated.https://cdn.publisher.gn1.link/ggaging.com/pdf/v18209.pdfsocial isolationself-careaginghealth behaviorsociodemographic factors
spellingShingle Paulo Afonso Sandy Júnior
Flávia Silva Arbex Borim
Daniela de Assumpção
Anita Liberalesso Neri
Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil
Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging
social isolation
self-care
aging
health behavior
sociodemographic factors
title Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil
title_full Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil
title_fullStr Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil
title_short Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil
title_sort associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in brazilian middle aged and older adults elsi brazil
topic social isolation
self-care
aging
health behavior
sociodemographic factors
url https://cdn.publisher.gn1.link/ggaging.com/pdf/v18209.pdf
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