Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical Property

The Arctic Ocean has a uniquely complex system associated with tightly coupled ocean–ice–atmosphere–land interactions. The Arctic Ocean is considered to be highly susceptible to global climate change, with the potential for dramatic environmental impacts at both regional and global scales, and its s...

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Main Authors: Joo-Eun Yoon, Jinku Park, Hyun-Cheol Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1065
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author Joo-Eun Yoon
Jinku Park
Hyun-Cheol Kim
author_facet Joo-Eun Yoon
Jinku Park
Hyun-Cheol Kim
author_sort Joo-Eun Yoon
collection DOAJ
description The Arctic Ocean has a uniquely complex system associated with tightly coupled ocean–ice–atmosphere–land interactions. The Arctic Ocean is considered to be highly susceptible to global climate change, with the potential for dramatic environmental impacts at both regional and global scales, and its spatial differences particularly have been exacerbated. A comprehensive understanding of Arctic Ocean environmental responses to climate change thus requires classifying the Arctic Ocean into subregions that describe spatial homogeneity of the clusters and heterogeneity between clusters based on ocean physical properties and implementing the regional-scale analysis. In this study, utilizing the long-term optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) datasets for the period 1982–2023, which is one of the essential indicators of physical processes, we applied the K-means clustering algorithm to generate subregions of the Arctic Ocean, reflecting distinct physical characteristics. Using the variance ratio criterion, the optimal number of subregions for spatial clustering was 12. Employing methods such as information mapping and pairwise multi-comparison analysis, we found that the 12 subregions of the Arctic Ocean well represent spatial heterogeneity and homogeneity of physical properties, including sea ice concentration, surface ocean currents, SST, and sea surface salinity. Spatial patterns in SST changes also matched well with the boundaries of clustered subregions. The newly identified physical subregions of the Arctic Ocean will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the Arctic Ocean’s environmental response to accelerating climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-3fcbb67c7ae547e9bb10a539bb823a892025-08-20T02:43:02ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-01176106510.3390/rs17061065Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical PropertyJoo-Eun Yoon0Jinku Park1Hyun-Cheol Kim2Center of Remote Sensing & GIS, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of KoreaCenter of Remote Sensing & GIS, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of KoreaCenter of Remote Sensing & GIS, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of KoreaThe Arctic Ocean has a uniquely complex system associated with tightly coupled ocean–ice–atmosphere–land interactions. The Arctic Ocean is considered to be highly susceptible to global climate change, with the potential for dramatic environmental impacts at both regional and global scales, and its spatial differences particularly have been exacerbated. A comprehensive understanding of Arctic Ocean environmental responses to climate change thus requires classifying the Arctic Ocean into subregions that describe spatial homogeneity of the clusters and heterogeneity between clusters based on ocean physical properties and implementing the regional-scale analysis. In this study, utilizing the long-term optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) datasets for the period 1982–2023, which is one of the essential indicators of physical processes, we applied the K-means clustering algorithm to generate subregions of the Arctic Ocean, reflecting distinct physical characteristics. Using the variance ratio criterion, the optimal number of subregions for spatial clustering was 12. Employing methods such as information mapping and pairwise multi-comparison analysis, we found that the 12 subregions of the Arctic Ocean well represent spatial heterogeneity and homogeneity of physical properties, including sea ice concentration, surface ocean currents, SST, and sea surface salinity. Spatial patterns in SST changes also matched well with the boundaries of clustered subregions. The newly identified physical subregions of the Arctic Ocean will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the Arctic Ocean’s environmental response to accelerating climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1065Arctic Oceansea surface temperatureocean physical propertyspatial clustering
spellingShingle Joo-Eun Yoon
Jinku Park
Hyun-Cheol Kim
Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical Property
Remote Sensing
Arctic Ocean
sea surface temperature
ocean physical property
spatial clustering
title Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical Property
title_full Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical Property
title_fullStr Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical Property
title_full_unstemmed Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical Property
title_short Spatial Regionalization of the Arctic Ocean Based on Ocean Physical Property
title_sort spatial regionalization of the arctic ocean based on ocean physical property
topic Arctic Ocean
sea surface temperature
ocean physical property
spatial clustering
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1065
work_keys_str_mv AT jooeunyoon spatialregionalizationofthearcticoceanbasedonoceanphysicalproperty
AT jinkupark spatialregionalizationofthearcticoceanbasedonoceanphysicalproperty
AT hyuncheolkim spatialregionalizationofthearcticoceanbasedonoceanphysicalproperty