Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels
The simultaneous extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPPs) and carotenoids from grapefruit peels using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with biobased solvents was optimized, followed by non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) extraction. Ethyl acetate:γ-valerolactone (20:80 v/v) yielded the...
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Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Advances in Sample Preparation |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582025000452 |
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| author | Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez María Concepción García María Luisa Marina |
| author_facet | Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez María Concepción García María Luisa Marina |
| author_sort | Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The simultaneous extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPPs) and carotenoids from grapefruit peels using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with biobased solvents was optimized, followed by non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) extraction. Ethyl acetate:γ-valerolactone (20:80 v/v) yielded the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory EPPs at 50 °C in 6 min. From the residue, NEPs were obtained by comparing several methods: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE), and UAE and MAE with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES). UAE (15 min, 30 % amplitude) followed by EAE (70 °C, 40 min) and MAE-NaDES using choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2, 50 % water, 50 °C, 6 min) yielded the most bioactive NEPs. HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS analysis allowed to identified 19 polyphenols in both extracts, highlighting naringin as the majority, particularly in UAE-EAE extract. Stability tests showed UAE-EAE extracts protect against oxidative damage, potentially extending the shelf life of food products. On the other hand, MAE-NaDES extracts prevent anti-inflammatory compound degradation, indicating their potential application in pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, depending on the purpose, either UAE-EAE or MAE-NaDES can be used. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-32f52a46c2bc4b7bb9beff3f046b6cf5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-5820 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Sample Preparation |
| spelling | doaj-art-32f52a46c2bc4b7bb9beff3f046b6cf52025-08-20T03:10:51ZengElsevierAdvances in Sample Preparation2772-58202025-08-011510019210.1016/j.sampre.2025.100192Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peelsGloria Domínguez-Rodríguez0María Concepción García1María Luisa Marina2Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.The simultaneous extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPPs) and carotenoids from grapefruit peels using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with biobased solvents was optimized, followed by non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) extraction. Ethyl acetate:γ-valerolactone (20:80 v/v) yielded the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory EPPs at 50 °C in 6 min. From the residue, NEPs were obtained by comparing several methods: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE), and UAE and MAE with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES). UAE (15 min, 30 % amplitude) followed by EAE (70 °C, 40 min) and MAE-NaDES using choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2, 50 % water, 50 °C, 6 min) yielded the most bioactive NEPs. HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS analysis allowed to identified 19 polyphenols in both extracts, highlighting naringin as the majority, particularly in UAE-EAE extract. Stability tests showed UAE-EAE extracts protect against oxidative damage, potentially extending the shelf life of food products. On the other hand, MAE-NaDES extracts prevent anti-inflammatory compound degradation, indicating their potential application in pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, depending on the purpose, either UAE-EAE or MAE-NaDES can be used.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582025000452Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidantBiobased solventsEnzymatic-assisted extractionMicrowave-assisted extractionUltrasonic-assisted extraction |
| spellingShingle | Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez María Concepción García María Luisa Marina Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels Advances in Sample Preparation Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Biobased solvents Enzymatic-assisted extraction Microwave-assisted extraction Ultrasonic-assisted extraction |
| title | Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels |
| title_full | Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels |
| title_fullStr | Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels |
| title_short | Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels |
| title_sort | green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable non extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels |
| topic | Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Biobased solvents Enzymatic-assisted extraction Microwave-assisted extraction Ultrasonic-assisted extraction |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582025000452 |
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