Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is increasingly used to manage a broad range of infections, enabling patients to receive intravenous antibiotics safely outside inpatient settings. In this review, we examine the current landscape of OPAT practice across the United Kingdom (UK), ass...

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Main Authors: Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Charlotte Fiori, Katharine Cartwright
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Antibiotics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/451
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author Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye
Charlotte Fiori
Katharine Cartwright
author_facet Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye
Charlotte Fiori
Katharine Cartwright
author_sort Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye
collection DOAJ
description Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is increasingly used to manage a broad range of infections, enabling patients to receive intravenous antibiotics safely outside inpatient settings. In this review, we examine the current landscape of OPAT practice across the United Kingdom (UK), assessing its clinical, economic, and operational impact. The benefits of OPAT for patients and the National Health Service (NHS), as well as its associated risks, are discussed. Additionally, we explore the challenges hindering its broader implementation within the UK. Finally, we highlight recent innovations and emerging applications of OPAT relevant to the NHS, underscoring key considerations for its future expansion and emphasising the need for a nationally coordinated strategy to realise its full potential.
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series Antibiotics
spelling doaj-art-0de5b161fa5c4dba97b3af88e1e8403d2025-08-20T03:47:49ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-04-0114545110.3390/antibiotics14050451Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and OpportunitiesOyewole Christopher Durojaiye0Charlotte Fiori1Katharine Cartwright2Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UKOPAT Unit, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby DE22 3NE, UKDepartment of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UKOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is increasingly used to manage a broad range of infections, enabling patients to receive intravenous antibiotics safely outside inpatient settings. In this review, we examine the current landscape of OPAT practice across the United Kingdom (UK), assessing its clinical, economic, and operational impact. The benefits of OPAT for patients and the National Health Service (NHS), as well as its associated risks, are discussed. Additionally, we explore the challenges hindering its broader implementation within the UK. Finally, we highlight recent innovations and emerging applications of OPAT relevant to the NHS, underscoring key considerations for its future expansion and emphasising the need for a nationally coordinated strategy to realise its full potential.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/451benefitsNational Health ServiceOPAToutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapyrisksUK
spellingShingle Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye
Charlotte Fiori
Katharine Cartwright
Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities
Antibiotics
benefits
National Health Service
OPAT
outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy
risks
UK
title Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities
title_full Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities
title_fullStr Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities
title_full_unstemmed Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities
title_short Delivery of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in an Ever-Changing National Health Service (UK): Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities
title_sort delivery of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy opat in an ever changing national health service uk benefits barriers and opportunities
topic benefits
National Health Service
OPAT
outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy
risks
UK
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/451
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AT charlottefiori deliveryofoutpatientparenteralantimicrobialtherapyopatinaneverchangingnationalhealthserviceukbenefitsbarriersandopportunities
AT katharinecartwright deliveryofoutpatientparenteralantimicrobialtherapyopatinaneverchangingnationalhealthserviceukbenefitsbarriersandopportunities