Diagnostic approach in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Of patients with AHRF, 40 %–50 % will require invasive mechanical ventilation during their stay in the ICU, and 30 %–80 % will meet the Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (AR...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pierre Bay, Nicolas de Prost
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Intensive Medicine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667100X24001014
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Summary:Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Of patients with AHRF, 40 %–50 % will require invasive mechanical ventilation during their stay in the ICU, and 30 %–80 % will meet the Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Rapid identification of the underlying cause of AHRF is necessary before initiating targeted treatment. Almost 10 % of patients with ARDS have no identified classic risk factors however, and the precise cause of AHRF may not be identified in up to 15 % of patients, particularly in cases of immunosuppression. In these patients, a multidisciplinary, comprehensive, and hierarchical diagnostic work-up is mandatory, including a detailed history and physical examination, chest computed tomography, extensive microbiological investigations, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytological analysis, immunological tests, and investigation of the possible involvement of pneumotoxic drugs.
ISSN:2667-100X