Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New York
IntroductionThe interactive effect of different apple scions with commonly used rootstocks could result in growers selecting an inferior option for tree survival, yield, and fruit quality.MethodsThe long-term tree performance and fruit quality interactions of 19 rootstocks (including Budagovsky, Gen...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1552625/full |
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| author | Brian T. Lawrence Gennaro Fazio Luis Gonzalez Nieto Luis Gonzalez Nieto Terence L. Robinson |
| author_facet | Brian T. Lawrence Gennaro Fazio Luis Gonzalez Nieto Luis Gonzalez Nieto Terence L. Robinson |
| author_sort | Brian T. Lawrence |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe interactive effect of different apple scions with commonly used rootstocks could result in growers selecting an inferior option for tree survival, yield, and fruit quality.MethodsThe long-term tree performance and fruit quality interactions of 19 rootstocks (including Budagovsky, Geneva, and Malling series) and 5 apple cultivars (‘Empire’, ‘Gala’, ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Mustu’, and ‘Delicious’) were explored in two orchards in Western New York. The first orchard examined the five cultivars on dwarfing rootstocks (B.9, CG.4210, G.11, G.16, G.202, G.41, G.65, G.814, M.26, M.9Pajam2, and M.9T337) and was planted at a spacing of 1.22 m x 3.66 m (2,243 trees ha-1). The second orchard examined the same cultivars on semi-dwarfing rootstocks (B.118, G.214, G.30, G.210, G.935, G.222, M.26, and M.7) and was planted at a spacing of 1.83 m x 4.27 m (1,282 trees ha-1). ResultsFollowing 17 years, the variables of tree mortality, growth, cumulative yield, and cumulative yield efficiency each resulted in a significant interaction between cultivar and rootstock in both orchards. There were no significant interactions on quality variables measured except fruit color of the 3 bi-colored ‘Gala’, ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Delicious’ for both the dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstocks. Discussion/ConclusionsThe implications of the interactions observed are that apple producers should pair specific rootstocks with specific cultivars to optimize orchard performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-07bdea8d39754bc5b46c67cbfe2444f0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-07bdea8d39754bc5b46c67cbfe2444f02025-08-20T02:58:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-03-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15526251552625Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New YorkBrian T. Lawrence0Gennaro Fazio1Luis Gonzalez Nieto2Luis Gonzalez Nieto3Terence L. Robinson4School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Horticulture Section, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United StatesU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, United StatesSchool of Integrative Plant Sciences, Horticulture Section, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United StatesFruit Production Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Catalonia, SpainSchool of Integrative Plant Sciences, Horticulture Section, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United StatesIntroductionThe interactive effect of different apple scions with commonly used rootstocks could result in growers selecting an inferior option for tree survival, yield, and fruit quality.MethodsThe long-term tree performance and fruit quality interactions of 19 rootstocks (including Budagovsky, Geneva, and Malling series) and 5 apple cultivars (‘Empire’, ‘Gala’, ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Mustu’, and ‘Delicious’) were explored in two orchards in Western New York. The first orchard examined the five cultivars on dwarfing rootstocks (B.9, CG.4210, G.11, G.16, G.202, G.41, G.65, G.814, M.26, M.9Pajam2, and M.9T337) and was planted at a spacing of 1.22 m x 3.66 m (2,243 trees ha-1). The second orchard examined the same cultivars on semi-dwarfing rootstocks (B.118, G.214, G.30, G.210, G.935, G.222, M.26, and M.7) and was planted at a spacing of 1.83 m x 4.27 m (1,282 trees ha-1). ResultsFollowing 17 years, the variables of tree mortality, growth, cumulative yield, and cumulative yield efficiency each resulted in a significant interaction between cultivar and rootstock in both orchards. There were no significant interactions on quality variables measured except fruit color of the 3 bi-colored ‘Gala’, ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Delicious’ for both the dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstocks. Discussion/ConclusionsThe implications of the interactions observed are that apple producers should pair specific rootstocks with specific cultivars to optimize orchard performance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1552625/fullcultivar-rootstock interactionorchard productionyieldfruit sizefruit firmnessfruit red color |
| spellingShingle | Brian T. Lawrence Gennaro Fazio Luis Gonzalez Nieto Luis Gonzalez Nieto Terence L. Robinson Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New York Frontiers in Plant Science cultivar-rootstock interaction orchard production yield fruit size fruit firmness fruit red color |
| title | Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New York |
| title_full | Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New York |
| title_fullStr | Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New York |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New York |
| title_short | Rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western New York |
| title_sort | rootstock effect on horticultural performance and fruit quality is not uniform across five commercial apple cultivars in western new york |
| topic | cultivar-rootstock interaction orchard production yield fruit size fruit firmness fruit red color |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1552625/full |
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